Figure 2.

Available structural information for glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHRs) and GPHs. This scheme summarizes structural information that is available for the GPHRs and GPHs. Since 1994 starting with the first crystal structure of human choriogonadotropin, few further endogenous ligand structures (such as from follitropin or thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies—in complexes or unbound) were solved. Based on the high amino acid sequence similarity, each of these structures can also serve as structural templates for models of receptors and hormones where no structural information is available so far. Moreover, these structural data can be assembled into larger complexes (see Figures 6–8).