Table 1.

Summary of the reported effects of PKCs and ERK1/2 on proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis

Kinase	Protein and Effect of Phosphorylation on Function	Known Role of Phosphorylated Protein	References
PKCα	LXR↓	Cholesterol transport and modulation; reverse cholesterol transport; cholesterol uptake; bile acid metabolism intestinal absorption and excretion	16
PKCα/βΙ	FXR↑	Bile acid synthesis, secretion, transport and detoxification	87
PKC	ABCA1↑	Cholesterol efflux	90, 92
PKCβ	VDR↑	Bile acid metabolism	32
PKC	PXR↓	Bile acid metabolism	18
PKC	RXR↑	Bile acid metabolism	94
ERK-1/2	SREBP-2↑	Cholesterol biosynthesis	3, 47
ERK-1/2	SHP↓	Bile acid metabolism	60
GSK-3β	SREBPs	Cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis	87

Up arrow indicates activation, and down arrow indicates repression.