Table 2.

Parameters related to renal sulfate handling in CHF patients and healthy individuals

Parameters	CHF Patients (n = 96)	Healthy Subjects (n = 96)	P Value†
Plasma sulfate,* mM	0.34 (0.29–0.37)	0.27 (0.24–0.30)	<0.001‡
24-h Urinary sulfate, mmol/24 h	15.5 ± 6.2	19.4 ± 6.8	0.007‡
Creatinine clearance, ml/min	97.6 ± 31.3	133 ± 34.0	<0.001‡
Fractional sulfate excretion,* %	33.1 (25.5–41.9)	35.9 (31.6–42.3)	0.005‡
Sulfate clearance, ml/min	33.7 ± 15.7	51.0 ± 18.2	0.001‡

Normally distributed continuous data are presented as mean ± SD. CHF, chronic heart failure; IQR, interquartile range.

^*Skewed data are presented as median (IQR) and were normalized by logarithmic transformation for analysis.

^†Based on linear regression analysis, corrected for age. ‡Significant P value.