Fig. 8.
Cardiac electrical indices during sympathoexcitation in normal and infarcted hearts. A schematic figure illustrating the effects of sympathetic activation on myocardial activation and repolarization in normal hearts, and in the peri-infarcted region of animals with ischemic cardiomyopathy. APD, action potential duration; β, beta; CVL, longitudinal conduction velocity; CVT, transverse conduction velocity; GJ, gap junction; LSG, left stellate ganglion; LV, left ventricle. CV anisotropy = CVL/CVT. Impact of β-adrenergic receptor activation on GJ conductance from de Boer et al. (13).