Table 1.
ST2 and sST2 expressions and their regulation in immune cells.
| Cell type | ST2 | ST2 regulation | sST2 | sST2 regulation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mast cell | + | Constitutively expressed | + | Strongly induced by IL-33 and weakly by Ag or SCF | (44, 50, 137–139) |
| Basophil | + | Induced by IL-3 stimulation | + | Released after IL-3 stimulation | (46, 145) |
| Eosinophil | + | Weakly constitutively expressed but strongly induced after IL-33 stimulation | ? | (45) | |
| Th2 | + | Constitutively expressed and enhanced by IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-5 | − | (40, 51, 85) | |
| Th1 | − | + | Released after CD3 stimulation or alloactivation | (51) | |
| Th17 | − | + | Released after CD3 stimulation or alloactivation | (51) | |
| Regulatory T cell (Treg) | + | Constitutively expressed only on Tregs expressing GATA3; enhanced by IL-33 | − | (41, 58) | |
| Th9 | + | Constitutively expressed and enhanced by IL-33 | ? | (100, 101) | |
| Innate lymphoid cell type 2 | + | Constitutively expressed and enhanced by IL-33 | − | (42, 109) | |
| Dendritic cell | + | Weakly constitutively expressed but strong induction after rapamycin treatment | ? | (134, 149) | |
| Neutrophil | + | Weakly constitutively expressed | ? | (46, 153) | |
| Macrophage | + | Weakly constitutively expressed but enhanced by IL-4 and IL-13 | + | Constitutively expressed | (43, 134) |
| B1 B cell | + | Constitutively expressed | ? | (128) | |
| iNKT cell | + | Constitutively expressed | ? | (47, 130) | |
| NK cell | + | Constitutively expressed | ? | (47, 130) | |
| Tc1 T cell | + | Weakly constitutively expressed | + | Released after CD3 stimulation or alloactivation | (51, 123, 124) |
| Tc17 T cell | − | +++ | Released after CD3 stimulation or alloactivation | (51) |
+, expressed; −, not expressed; ?, unknown; Ag, antigen; SCF, stem cell factor; ST2, serum stimulation-2; sST2, soluble serum stimulation-2.