Table 4.
Associations of social and material resources with mental health outcomes, before and after controlling for potential confounders. BCR-sample; odds ratio’s (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)
| Mental distress | Possible mental disorder | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| ORr (CI) | ORa (CI) | ORa (CI) | ORr (CI) | ORa (CI) | ORa (CI) | ORr (CI) | ORa (CI) | ORa (CI) | ORr (CI) | ORa (CI) | ORa (CI) | |
| Social support | ||||||||||||
| Social resources | ||||||||||||
| High social support (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Medium social support | 3.52 (1.88–6.60) *** |
4.17 (2.16–8.03) *** |
4.78 (2.28–10.06) *** |
2.82 (1.48–5.37) ** |
2.41 (1.25–4.63) ** |
3.09 (1.54–6.21) ** |
3.43 (1.97–5.97) *** |
4.18 (2.34–7.47) *** |
4.33 (2.28–8.20) *** |
2.66 (1.60–4.42) *** |
2.24 (1.33–3.78) ** |
2.54 (1.46–4.39) ** |
| Low social support | 1.46 (0.77–2.76) |
1.56 (0.79–3.08) |
1.59 (0.76–3.34) |
3.12 (1.07–9.15) * |
2.55 (0.85–7.69) |
2.65 (0.86–8.19) |
1.67 (0.87–3.19) |
1.87 (0.94–3.72) |
2.00 (0.94–4.22) |
3.19 (1.38–7.39) ** |
2.49 (1.04–5.95) * |
3.76 (1.42–9.97) * |
| Material support | ||||||||||||
| Self-perceived financial situation | ||||||||||||
| Comfortable (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Modest | 1.49 (1.03–2.17) * |
1.36 (0.92–2.01) |
1.39 (0.91–2.12) |
1.52 (1.06–2.18) * |
1.30 (0.89–1.89) |
1.37 (0.91–2.05) |
1.40 (0.94–2.10) |
1.34 (0.88–2.05) |
1.33 (0.84–2.11) |
1.62 (1.15–2.27) ** |
1.39 (0.97–1.98) |
1.52 (1.04–2.22) * |
| Poor | 1.90 (0.93–3.89) |
1.76 (0.82–3.76) |
1.77 (0.80–3.90) |
2.61 (1.16–5.84) * |
1.73 (0.70–4.29) |
2.37 (0.87–6.43) |
2.27 (1.11–4.62) ** |
2.54 (1.18–5.49) * |
2.34 (1.04–5.25) * |
3.14 (1.59–6.21) ** |
2.04 (0.95–4.37) |
2.71 (1.17–6.27) * |
| Family situation (respondent lives…) | ||||||||||||
| with his/her parents (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| with his/her partner | 2.03 (0.93–4.46) |
2.32 (1.04–5.15) * |
2.45 (1.03–5.82) * |
1.27 (0.78–2.09) |
1.23 (0.73–2.07) |
1.05 (0.61–1.81) |
2.37 (1.12–5.02) * |
2.95 (1.36–6.37) ** |
4.10 (1.75–9.57) ** |
1.10 (0.70–1.74) |
1.08 (0.67–1.74) |
0.93 (0.56–1.55) |
| alone | 1.36 (0.71–2.58) |
1.16 (0.58–2.32) |
1.31 (0.62–2.81) |
2.56 (1.21–5.41) * |
1.84 (0.81–4.20) |
1.60 (0.65–3.91) |
1.19 (0.60.2.34) |
0.89 (0.42–1.87) |
0.95 (0.43–2.13) |
1.96 (1.09–3.55) * |
1.48 (0.76–2.90) |
1.34 (0.65–2.76) |
| with friends or acquaintances | 1.34 (0.74–2.42) |
1.36 (0.74–2.51) |
1.33 (0.66–2.68) |
1.69 (0.89–3.18) |
1.52 (0.80–2.91) |
0.84 (0.41–1.73) |
1.53 (0.84–2.80) |
1.55 (0.82–2.95) |
2.13 (1.01–4.52) * |
1.51 (0.87–2.63) |
1.38 (0.78–2.44) |
1.00 (0.53–1.91) |
| Obtained educational level | ||||||||||||
| Secondary education (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Post-secondary education | 1.10 (0.75–1.60) |
0.95 (0.60–1.51) |
1.41 (0.99–2.01) |
1.56 (1.02–2.37) * |
0.77 (0.51–12.15) |
0.65 (0.38–1.10) |
1.13 (0.82–1.56) |
1.19 (0.81–1.76) |
||||
| Escape-avoidance behaviour | ||||||||||||
| Used medication in the last 30 days? | ||||||||||||
| No (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.67 (1.10–2.53) * |
1.44 (0.91–2.27) |
1.63 (1.14–2.32) ** |
1.60 (1.09–2.36) * |
1.79 (1.17–2.73) ** |
1.54 (0.96–2.48) |
1.48 (1.07–2.04) * |
1.52 (1.07–2.17) * |
||||
| Used alcohol in the last 30 days? | ||||||||||||
| No (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.30 (0.90–1.87) |
1.20 (0.76–1.89) |
1.88 (1.32–2.68) ** |
1.44 (0.93–2.23) |
0.98 (0.66–1.44) |
0.85 (0.51–1.41) |
1.55 (1.12–2.14) ** |
1.51 (1.00–2.27) * |
||||
| Used cannabis in the last 30 days? | ||||||||||||
| No (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.73 (1.11–2.70) * |
1.50 (0.90–2.48) |
3.95 (1.76–8.85) ** |
2.59 (1.07–6.25) * |
1.53 (0.98–2.39) |
1.62 (0.95–2.75) |
1.92 (1.12–3.32) * |
1.21 (0.64–2.31) |
||||
*** p. ≤ 0.000; ** p. ≤ 0.01; * p. ≤ 0.05