Table S1.
Detailed characteristics of the studied 2,365 orphan/MNO pairs
| Variable | Prenatal orphans (n = 656) | MNOs (n = 656) | Postnatal orphans (n = 1,709) | MNOs (n = 1,709) |
| Date of birth, mean | 28 April 1915 | 27 April 1915 | 1 April 1915 | 2 April 1915 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 319 (48.6) | 319 (48.6) | 814 (47.6) | 814 (47.6) |
| Male | 337 (51.4) | 337 (51.4) | 895 (52.4) | 895 (52.4) |
| Legitimacy, n (%) | ||||
| Legitimate | 630 (96.0) | 552 (84.1) | 1509 (88.3) | 1413 (82.7) |
| Illegitimate | 26 (4.0) | 104 (15.9) | 200 (11.7) | 296 (17.3) |
| Paternal occupation, n (%) | ||||
| Worker | 190 (29.0) | 168 (25.6) | 493 (28.9) | 456 (26.7) |
| Craftsman | 117 (17.9) | 151 (23.0) | 329 (19.3) | 367 (21.5) |
| Employee | 224 (34.1) | 190 (28.9) | 535 (31.3) | 455 (26.6) |
| Shopkeeper | 55 (8.3) | 54 (8.2) | 153 (8.9) | 165 (9.7) |
| Middle class | 30 (4.6) | 46 (7.0) | 81 (4.8) | 110 (6.5) |
| Upper class | 41 (6.2) | 48 (7.4) | 118 (6.9) | 156 (9.1) |
| Paternal occupation score (95% CI) | 2.60 (2.46, 2.74) | 2.70 (2.58, 2.82) | 2.62 (2.55, 2.69) | 2.75 (2.68, 2.83) |
| Maternal occupation, n (%) | ||||
| Servant | 57 (8.7) | 61 (9.3) | 164 (9.6) | 158 (9.2) |
| Worker | 87 (13.2) | 60 (9.2) | 212 (12.4) | 190 (11.1) |
| Craftswoman | 122 (18.6) | 109 (16.7) | 318 (18.6) | 284 (16.6) |
| Employee | 68 (10.3) | 50 (7.7) | 146 (8.5) | 121 (7.1) |
| Housekeeper | 100 (15.2) | 115 (17.6) | 284 (16.6) | 297 (17.4) |
| Shopkeeper | 35 (5.4) | 37 (5.6) | 92 (5.4) | 101 (5.9) |
| Housewife | 178 (27.1) | 212 (32.3) | 448 (26.2) | 526 (30.8) |
| Middle and upper class | 10 (1.5) | 11 (1.7) | 44 (2.6) | 31 (1.8) |
| Maternal occupation score (95% CI) | 4.42 (4.26, 4.59) | 4.70 (4.53, 4.86) | 4.44 (4.34, 4.54) | 4.62 (4.52, 4.72) |
| Age of the mother, mean (SD) | 25.8 (4.3) | 26.2 (4.5) | 25.6 (4.9) | 26.4 (5.0) |
| Age of the father, mean (SD) | 28.7 (4.3) | 30.4 (5.7) | 28.5 (4.9) | 30.6 (6.2) |
| Status at age 99 y, n (%) | ||||
| Dead | 630 (96.0) | 637 (97.1) | 1,645 (96.3) | 1,632 (95.5) |
| Alive | 26 (4.0) | 19 (2.9) | 64 (3.7) | 77 (4.5) |
Paternal occupations and age at birth for illegitimate births were multiply imputed using MICE (Methods). Ten completed datasets were created. Figures by paternal occupation are averaged over the 10 completed datasets and are rounded to the nearest integer.