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. 2017 Apr 24;17:106. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0950-y

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Magnitude of cell aggregation within the ancestral and evolved mutualistic consortia. Cell aggregation was measured as the maximum observed K-value. Definitions: P_anc, ancestral strain of BW25113 (∆proC); T_anc, ancestral strain of BW25113 (∆trpC). The data are presented as Tukey box plots. All the mutualistic consortia had larger K-values than the ancestral consortia, indicating an increase in cell aggregation over the course of the evolution experiment