Figure 11.

Hemolysis rate of red blood cells after 24 hours of incubation on the five specimens.

Notes: (A) Erythrocytes were incubated on the five specimens without bacteria; (B) erythrocytes were incubated on the five specimens with Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus; (C) erythrocytes were incubated on the five specimens with Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa; (D) interactions of erythrocytes and bacteria upon coexistence in the presence/absence of VO_x films. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 vs Glass; ^#P<0.05 vs V0. Data expressed as means ± standard deviation (n=3).

Abbreviations: V0, homogeneous vanadium metal nanoparticles deposited on quartz glass; V3, homogeneous V₂O₃ nanoparticles deposited on quartz glass; V4, homogeneous VO₂ nanoparticles deposited on quartz glass; V5, homogeneous V₂O₅ nanoparticles deposited on quartz glass; VO_x, vanadium of various valences.