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. 2017 Apr 18;12:3121–3136. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S129459

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© 2017 Wang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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XRD patterns (A) of samples V0, V3, V4, and V5, accompanied by the V_2p XPS spectra of samples V0 (B), V3 (C), V4 (D), and V5 (E).

Abbreviations: XRD, X-ray diffraction; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; V0, homogeneous vanadium metal nanoparticles deposited on quartz glass; V3, homogeneous V₂O₃ nanoparticles deposited on quartz glass; V4, homogeneous VO₂ nanoparticles deposited on quartz glass; V5, homogeneous V₂O₅ nanoparticles deposited on quartz glass.