Table 3.
Missing strings after PPIUDCS
| Study | IUD | Number | Strings observed (%) | Interval after insertion | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang H et al23 | GyneFix PP | 200 | 86 | 6 W | The device is attached to the fundus under direct vision |
| Nelson et al36 | TCu380A | 7 | 100 | 6 W | Modified extended strings guided through cervix into vagina |
| Levi et al34 | TCu380A | 32 | 28 | 6 W | Normal strings placed in the cervix |
| Lester et al12 | TCu380A | 27 | 44 | 6 W | |
| Bhutta et al7 | MLCu 375 | 50 | 92 and 92 | 6 W and 6 M | Long thread of MLCu 375 pushed through the cervix |
| Singal et al21 | TCu380A | 300 | 61 and 84 | 6 W and 12 M | More strings seen at 12 M follow-up |
| Braniff et al13 | Mirena | 23 | 31.6 | 6 W | Strings not directed through the cervix |
| Levi et al15 | Mirena | 21 | 67 | 6 M | |
| TCu380A | 10 | 40 | 6 M | ||
| Ragab et al14 | Nova T 380 | 40 | 100 | 6 W and 60 W | Strings lengthened with vicryl and placed through cervix |
| MLCu 375 | 40 | 100 | into the vagina | ||
| TCu380A | 40 | 100 |
Notes: Mirena (Bayer AG, Levekusen, Germany); Nova T 380 (Bayer AG); MLCu 375 (Multiload Copper375; Multilan SA, Fribourg, Switzerland); GyneFix PP (Contrel Europe NV, Ghent, Belgium).
Abbreviations: PPIUDCS, post-placental IUD at CS; IIUDCS, interval insertion of IUD after CS; CS, cesarean section; IUD, intrauterine contraceptive device; W, weeks; M, months.