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. 2017 Apr 19;12:3235–3252. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S122945

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© 2017 Das et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Induced chondrogenic differentiation of canine MSCs on CNT films.

Notes: (A) Representative images of Alcian Blue staining after 21 days of chondrogenic differentiation on control and different CNT films. Scale bar: 100 µm. (B) Relative expression of chondrogenesis marker genes of canine MSCs differentiated on control and different CNT films. Results normalized to GAPDH relative to control. Dashed line indicates values of target genes in control conditions. The symbols * and ^# indicate significance (P<0.05) with respect to control and between the films, respectively, for a target gene. The results are the mean ± standard error of the mean of the triplicate experiments. (C) Immunofluorescence of aggrecan-positive cells (green), DAPI nuclear staining (blue), and merged fluorescence images on control and CNT films after 21 days. Scale bars: 50 µm. (D) Flow cytometry assay of aggrecan-positive cells (percentage) after 21 days of chondrogenic differentiation on control and different CNT films. The symbols * and ^# indicate significance (P<0.05) with respect to control and between the films, respectively. The results are the mean ± standard error of the mean of the triplicate experiments.

Abbreviations: CNT, carbon nanotube; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; MWCNT, multiwalled CNT; PEG, polyethylene glycol; SWCNT, single-walled CNT.