Table 3. Sample characteristics of included 7 studies.
| Characteristic | Patients | Controls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| k | Mean (SD) | k | Mean (SD) | |
| Age | 7 | 36.71±16.03 | 7 | 38.59±16.66 |
| Education (years) | 4 | 14.53±2.20 | 4 | 14.96±2.11 |
| Age of onset | 4 | 21.53±9.20 | N/A | |
| Duration of illness (years) | 2 | 11.46±8.21 | N/A | |
| HAMD | 4 | 11.1±8.40 | N/A | |
| MADRS | 3 | 11.51±8.53 | N/A | |
| YMRS | 3 | 5.66±5.00 | N/A | |
| CARS-M | 3 | 5.57±6.91 | N/A | |
| % male | % male | |||
| Gender | 7 | 45.36 | 7 | 51.04 |
k: number of studies, HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale, MADRS: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, YMRS: Young Mania Rating Scale, CARS-M: Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania.