Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in included studies
| Author and year | Study design | Study size | Mean age (years) | ABI (mmHg) | BMI (kg/m2) | Duration of DM (years) | Size of ulcers (cm2) | Location of ulcers | Severity of ulcers | Ulcers’ duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armstrong and Lavery, 200513 | RCT | 162 | 57.2±13.4/60.1±12.2 | 1.1±0.20/1.1±0.19 | 30.8±7.8/31.4±9.4 | Not mentioned | 22.3±23.4/19.2±17.6 | Foot amputation | University of Texas grade 2 or 3 in depth | 1.2±3.9/1.8±5.9 months |
| Blume et al, 200814 | RCT | 342 | 58±12/59±12 | 1.0±0.2/1.0±0.2 | kg: 99.2±25.1/93.8±25.6 | Not mentioned | 13.5±18.2/11.1±2.7 | Calcaneal dorsal or plantar foot ulcer | Wagner’s scale grade 2 or 3 | 198.3±323.5/206.03±65.9 days |
| Karatepe et al, 201115 | RCT | 67 | 68.5±11.1/66.3±12.6 | Not clear | kg: 62.8±14.5/62.1±14.4 | 11.3±9.2/9.3±7.6 | 35.7±6.4/29.7±5.2 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 11.3±9.2/8.8± 7.2 weeks |
| Eginton et al, 200316 | RCT | 10 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Length: 7.7±1.6 cm width: 3.5±0.6 cm | Significant soft tissue defect | Not mentioned | ≥1 month |
| Sun and Sun, 200717 | RCT | 38 | 66.5 | 0.7≤ ABI ≤1.2 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 24.5±1.4 | Not mentioned | University of Texas grade 2 or 3 in depth | ≥1 month |
| Sepúlveda et al, 200918 | RCT | 24 | 61.5±10/62.1±8 | 1.05±0.5/1.16±0.6 | 28.1±4/26.6±4 | Not mentioned | 168.0±8/169.6±6 | Transmetatarsal amputation wound of two or more contiguous toes or the first toe | Not clear | Not clear |
| Vaidhya et al, 201519 | RCT | 60 | 56.5 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Size >10 cm2 | Dorsum of foot | Not mentioned | Not clear |
| Nain et al, 201120 | RCT | 30 | 61.33±7.63/55.40±11.54 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 50–200 cm2 | Not clear | Not mentioned | Not clear |
| Ravari et al, 201321 | RCT | 23 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Ulcer area: 39.5/36.9 cm2 Depth: 19/17 cm |
Right foot Left foot Bilateral fingers |
Wagner’s scale grade 1 to 4 | ≥1 month |
| Sajid et al, 201522 | RCT | 278 | 56.83±11.3/55.88±10.97 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 15.96±5.79/15.65±4.86 | 15.09±2.81/15.07±2.92 | Calcaneal dorsal or plantar foot ulcer | Majority of patients had Wagner’s grade 2 ulcer | Not mentioned |
| McCallon et al, 200023 | RCT | 10 | 55.4±12.8/50.2±8.7 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not clear | Forefoot, mid-foot | Not clear | ≥1 month |
Note: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: RCT, randomized controlled trial; ABI, ankle brachial index; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus.