Figure 4.

B1 inhibits A549 cancer cell migration, pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (pro-MMP-2/9) expression and activities. (A) A wound-healing assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of various concentrations of B1 for 24 h. The representative images show the same area after 24 h of incubation with and without different concentrations of B1. (B) Results from three independent experiments are presented as the numbers of migrated cells. ^*P<0.05, statistically significant compared with the untreated control. (C) The effects of B1 on the expression of migration-related proteins in A549 cells treated with B1 for 48 h. The differential expression of pro-MMP-2/9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D was assessed by western blot analysis and β-actin was used as a loading control. (D) Densitometric analysis of pro-MMP-2/9 and VEGF-D show the relative quantitation results after normalization against β-actin. ^*P<0.05 vs. the untreated control. (E) A549 cells were treated in the absence and presence of various concentrations of B1 for 48 h in serum-free medium. The conditioned media were collected for the measurement of pro-MMP-2/9 activity with gelatin zymography, and the (F) bar chart reveals pro-MMP-2/9 activity change after B1 treatment. ^*P<0.05 and ^**P<0.01 vs. control group. Data from three independent experiments were presented as mean ± SE.