Immunohistochemical staining showing the expression of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumor samples from cohort 2. Representative images of (A) high HSF1 expression in ESCC, showing staining predominantly in the nuclei of tumor cells (magnification, ×200); (B) low HSF1 expression ESCC, showing almost no appreciable staining of the tumor cells (magnification, ×200); and (C) normal squamous epithelium, which is negative for HSF1 expression except for a few basal cells (magnification, ×100).