Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analysis for overall survival in 3 comparative groups

Regional emphysema score	No.	Median Survival (years)	univariate		multivariate#
			HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
group 1 (tumor in emphysematous region with surgical resection)				<0.01		<0.01
mild	356	11.2	--		--
moderate	150	8.2	1.49 (1.17,1.90)		1.41 (1.08,1.84)
severe	59	6.9	1.73 (1.23,2.44)		1.63 (1.11,2.38)
group 2 (tumor in non-emphysematous region with surgical resection)				<0.01		<0.01
mild	312	9.2	--		--
moderate	86	5.8	1.88 (1.41,2.51)		1.43 (1.04,1.96)
severe	37	5.1	2.61 (1.77,3.84)		2.04 (1.33,3.12)
group 3 (tumor with non-surgical treatment)				0.90		0.97
mild	37	2.8	--		--
moderate/severe	36	2.5	0.97 (0.59,1.59)		0.99 (0.55,1.78)

^#Multivariate analysis was performed with the adjustment for patient demographics (age, gender, body mass index, smoking status), tumor histology and grade, lung cancer stage and treatment, and COPD status.

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.