Table 3.

Clinical and demographic characteristics of participants

	Group; mean ± SD or no.
Characteristic*	All participants n = 133	Subset with MRI scan n = 61
Age, yr	22.5 ± 3.9	22.9 ± 3.8
Sex, male:female	105:28	47:14
SANS total score, excluding attention†	23.62 ± 13.7	21.49 ± 12.7
CDS total score†	2.07 ± 2.9	2.08 ± 2.9
Duration of illness, mo† (n = 131)	6.86 ± 1.67	6.87 ± 1.86
Completed education, yr (n = 130)	11 ± 2.3	10.69 ± 2.04
Antipsychotic dosage, CPZ equivalent† (n = 127)	319.42 ± 249.96	325.63 ± 262.69
Taking antidepressants, yes:no (n = 127)	20:107	11:50
Taking benzodiazepine, yes:no (n = 127)	7:120	4:57
Taking anticholinergics, yes:no (n = 127)	8:119	2:59
Socioeconomic status‡ (n = 104)	4.13 ± 0.89	4.14 ± 0.9

CDS = Calgary Depression Scale; CPZ = chlorpromazine; SANS = Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SD = standard deviation.

^*Data were limited owing to missing questionnaires, and per-item n is shown.

^†Measured at 6 mo from program entry.

^‡Calculated according to the Hollingshead Four Factor Index for Socioeconomic Status.