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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2016 Feb 8;44(9):2695–2706. doi: 10.1007/s10439-016-1559-9

(a) Impedance magnitude in control aortas and aortic segments with mild, moderate and severe plaque are depicted in logarithmic scale. P < 0.05 in the frequency range 10 – 300 kHz for impedance profiles, Brown-Forsythe test. Data presented as means ± standard errors of the mean. (b) Phase spectra in control aortas and aortic segments with mild, moderate and severe plaque are depicted in logarithmic scale. P < 0.05 in the frequency range 1.5 – 125 kHz for phase spectra, Brown-Forsythe test. Data presented as means ± standard errors of the mean. (c) In vivo vs. ex vivo correlation of impedance spectra obtained from identical aortic segments with the EIS sensor. Spearman test r = 0.9732, P < 0.0001.

(a) Impedance magnitude in control aortas and aortic segments with mild, moderate and severe plaque are depicted in logarithmic scale. P < 0.05 in the frequency range 10 – 300 kHz for impedance profiles, Brown-Forsythe test. Data presented as means ± standard errors of the mean. (b) Phase spectra in control aortas and aortic segments with mild, moderate and severe plaque are depicted in logarithmic scale. P < 0.05 in the frequency range 1.5 – 125 kHz for phase spectra, Brown-Forsythe test. Data presented as means ± standard errors of the mean. (c) In vivo vs. ex vivo correlation of impedance spectra obtained from identical aortic segments with the EIS sensor. Spearman test r = 0.9732, P < 0.0001.