. 2017 Apr 21;23(15):2651–2659. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i15.2651

Table 3.

Genetic polymorphisms associated with increased risk of alcoholic liver disease progression

Gene	Polymorphism	Reported association	Ref.
ADH	ADH21/2	Decrease the rate of ethanol metabolism	[47]
ADH	ADH21/1	Decrease the rate of ethanol metabolism	[47]
ALDH	ALDH22/2	Increase alcohol sensitivity	[47]
ALDH	ALDH21/2	Increase alcohol sensitivity	[47]
CYP2E1	C1/C2	Increase free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, and fatty change	[9]
CYP2E1	C2/C2		[9]
PNPLA3	rs738409C>G	Increase the risk of liver cirrhosis and HCC	[48,49]
CD14	159TT	Enhance inflammatory responses	[50]
CD14	159TT	Develop alcoholic liver disease	[50]
TNF-α	238G>A	Develop alcoholic liver disease	[51]

ADH: Alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH: Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; CYP2E1: Cytochrome P450 2E1; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.