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. 2017 Apr 21;23(15):2771–2784. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i15.2771

Table 3.

Urinary metabolites differentially expressed in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and healthy controls

No. Metabolites VIP-value (OPLS-DA) P value (t-test) Fold change
ESI+
1 L-Carnitine 1.488 0.002 1.531
2 Creatinine 1.195 0.015 0.257
3 L-Valine/betaine 1.195 0.015 -0.544
4 Acetylcarnitine 1.658 0.001 1.669
5 Nα-Acetyl-L-arginine 1.297 0.008 -0.350
6 Hypoxanthine 1.883 0.000 0.968
7 1-Methylguanine 1.376 0.005 0.483
8 Adipic acid 1.534 0.001 -0.627
9 Xanthosine 1.467 0.002 0.389
10 Guanosine 1.448 0.003 0.273
11 7-Methylxanthine 1.489 0.002 1.922
12 2-Methylguanosine 1.654 0.001 0.475
13 Butyryl-L-carnitine 1.499 0.002 0.560
14 Gluconic acid 1.391 0.004 -0.733
15 Xanthurenic acid 1.351 0.006 0.485
16 Kynurenic acid 1.590 0.001 0.560
17 Indole-3-carboxylic acid 1.189 0.015 0.496
18 6β-hydroxytestosterone 2.203 0.000 1.251
19 Androstenedione 1.500 0.002 0.779
20 PGA2 methyl ester 1.709 0.000 0.676
21 Cortisol 1.340 0.006 0.641
22 Deoxycorticosterone 1.770 0.000 0.841
23 Corticosterone 1.568 0.001 0.766
24 Cortisone 1.383 0.004 0.661
25 Testosterone glucuronide 1.838 0.000 0.844
26 EPA 1.208 0.014 0.714
27 Decanoyl-L-carnitine 1.592 0.001 1.101
28 Androsterone 2.276 0.000 0.918
29 Eicosapentaenoic 1.282 0.009 -0.417
Acid ethyl ester
30 Ursodeoxycholic acid 1.599 0.001 0.474
ESI-
31 Shikimate-3-phosphate 1.195 0.020 -0.344
32 2-keto-D-gluconic acid 1.902 0.000 -0.426
33 α-D-glucose 1.647 0.001 -0.484
34 Pyroglutamic acid 1.545 0.002 0.334
35 (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate 1.299 0.011 -0.579
36 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1.264 0.014 -0.455
37 1-Methyluric acid 1.181 0.022 0.870
38 Salicyluric acid 1.455 0.004 -0.723
39 Salicylic acid 1.170 0.023 -0.494
40 Indoxylsulfuric acid 1.829 0.000 0.646
41 Ferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide 2.046 0.000 -2.303
42 Caffeic acid 3-sulfate 1.320 0.010 -2.214
43 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 1.857 0.000 -1.004
44 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid 1.635 0.001 -1.225
45 Ferulic acid 4-sulfate 1.695 0.001 -1.779
46 Deoxyinosine 1.315 0.010 -1.049
47 Indolelactic acid 1.251 0.015 -0.868
48 3-Methylsuberic acid 1.577 0.002 -1.825
49 L-Homocitrulline 1.619 0.001 -1.883
50 Glycocholic acid 1.187 0.021 0.408
51 Glycoursodeoxycholic acid 1.392 0.006 0.932
52 L-homotyrosine 1.475 0.004 -0.625
53 Ethisterone 1.702 0.001 -0.659