Table 3.
Urinary metabolites differentially expressed in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and healthy controls
| No. | Metabolites | VIP-value (OPLS-DA) | P value (t-test) | Fold change |
| ESI+ | ||||
| 1 | L-Carnitine | 1.488 | 0.002 | 1.531 |
| 2 | Creatinine | 1.195 | 0.015 | 0.257 |
| 3 | L-Valine/betaine | 1.195 | 0.015 | -0.544 |
| 4 | Acetylcarnitine | 1.658 | 0.001 | 1.669 |
| 5 | Nα-Acetyl-L-arginine | 1.297 | 0.008 | -0.350 |
| 6 | Hypoxanthine | 1.883 | 0.000 | 0.968 |
| 7 | 1-Methylguanine | 1.376 | 0.005 | 0.483 |
| 8 | Adipic acid | 1.534 | 0.001 | -0.627 |
| 9 | Xanthosine | 1.467 | 0.002 | 0.389 |
| 10 | Guanosine | 1.448 | 0.003 | 0.273 |
| 11 | 7-Methylxanthine | 1.489 | 0.002 | 1.922 |
| 12 | 2-Methylguanosine | 1.654 | 0.001 | 0.475 |
| 13 | Butyryl-L-carnitine | 1.499 | 0.002 | 0.560 |
| 14 | Gluconic acid | 1.391 | 0.004 | -0.733 |
| 15 | Xanthurenic acid | 1.351 | 0.006 | 0.485 |
| 16 | Kynurenic acid | 1.590 | 0.001 | 0.560 |
| 17 | Indole-3-carboxylic acid | 1.189 | 0.015 | 0.496 |
| 18 | 6β-hydroxytestosterone | 2.203 | 0.000 | 1.251 |
| 19 | Androstenedione | 1.500 | 0.002 | 0.779 |
| 20 | PGA2 methyl ester | 1.709 | 0.000 | 0.676 |
| 21 | Cortisol | 1.340 | 0.006 | 0.641 |
| 22 | Deoxycorticosterone | 1.770 | 0.000 | 0.841 |
| 23 | Corticosterone | 1.568 | 0.001 | 0.766 |
| 24 | Cortisone | 1.383 | 0.004 | 0.661 |
| 25 | Testosterone glucuronide | 1.838 | 0.000 | 0.844 |
| 26 | EPA | 1.208 | 0.014 | 0.714 |
| 27 | Decanoyl-L-carnitine | 1.592 | 0.001 | 1.101 |
| 28 | Androsterone | 2.276 | 0.000 | 0.918 |
| 29 | Eicosapentaenoic | 1.282 | 0.009 | -0.417 |
| Acid ethyl ester | ||||
| 30 | Ursodeoxycholic acid | 1.599 | 0.001 | 0.474 |
| ESI- | ||||
| 31 | Shikimate-3-phosphate | 1.195 | 0.020 | -0.344 |
| 32 | 2-keto-D-gluconic acid | 1.902 | 0.000 | -0.426 |
| 33 | α-D-glucose | 1.647 | 0.001 | -0.484 |
| 34 | Pyroglutamic acid | 1.545 | 0.002 | 0.334 |
| 35 | (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate | 1.299 | 0.011 | -0.579 |
| 36 | 2-Deoxy-D-ribose | 1.264 | 0.014 | -0.455 |
| 37 | 1-Methyluric acid | 1.181 | 0.022 | 0.870 |
| 38 | Salicyluric acid | 1.455 | 0.004 | -0.723 |
| 39 | Salicylic acid | 1.170 | 0.023 | -0.494 |
| 40 | Indoxylsulfuric acid | 1.829 | 0.000 | 0.646 |
| 41 | Ferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide | 2.046 | 0.000 | -2.303 |
| 42 | Caffeic acid 3-sulfate | 1.320 | 0.010 | -2.214 |
| 43 | 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 1.857 | 0.000 | -1.004 |
| 44 | 3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid | 1.635 | 0.001 | -1.225 |
| 45 | Ferulic acid 4-sulfate | 1.695 | 0.001 | -1.779 |
| 46 | Deoxyinosine | 1.315 | 0.010 | -1.049 |
| 47 | Indolelactic acid | 1.251 | 0.015 | -0.868 |
| 48 | 3-Methylsuberic acid | 1.577 | 0.002 | -1.825 |
| 49 | L-Homocitrulline | 1.619 | 0.001 | -1.883 |
| 50 | Glycocholic acid | 1.187 | 0.021 | 0.408 |
| 51 | Glycoursodeoxycholic acid | 1.392 | 0.006 | 0.932 |
| 52 | L-homotyrosine | 1.475 | 0.004 | -0.625 |
| 53 | Ethisterone | 1.702 | 0.001 | -0.659 |