Table 4.
Urinary metabolites differentially expressed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients and healthy controls
| No. | Metabolites | VIP-value (OPLS-DA) | P value (t-test) | Fold change |
| E | ||||
| ESI+ | ||||
| 1 | L-Lysine | 1.291 | 0.007 | -0.747 |
| 2 | Suberic acid | 1.037 | 0.032 | -0.370 |
| 3 | L-Carnitine | 1.015 | 0.036 | 0.804 |
| 4 | Creatinine | 1.052 | 0.030 | 0.206 |
| 5 | L-Valine/betaine | 1.668 | 0.000 | -0.852 |
| 6 | Citrulline | 1.539 | 0.001 | -0.451 |
| 7 | L-Dopa | 1.249 | 0.009 | -0.322 |
| 8 | Acetylcarnitine | 1.213 | 0.012 | 0.971 |
| 9 | Nα-Acetyl-L-arginine | 1.128 | 0.019 | -0.658 |
| 10 | L-Threonine | 1.009 | 0.037 | -0.300 |
| 11 | L-Tyrosine | 1.217 | 0.011 | -0.304 |
| 12 | Uridine | 1.106 | 0.022 | 0.114 |
| 13 | Hypoxanthine | 2.406 | 0.000 | 1.093 |
| 14 | 2'-O-Methyladenosine | 1.345 | 0.005 | 0.222 |
| 15 | 1-Methylguanine | 1.921 | 0.000 | 0.744 |
| 16 | 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid | 1.617 | 0.001 | -0.957 |
| 17 | Adipic acid | 1.635 | 0.001 | -0.808 |
| 18 | Glycerophosphocholine | 1.623 | 0.001 | 0.299 |
| 19 | cAMP | 2.233 | 0.000 | 0.417 |
| 20 | L-Proline | 1.046 | 0.031 | 0.397 |
| 21 | Dimethyl fumarate | 1.716 | 0.000 | -0.627 |
| 22 | 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan | 1.118 | 0.021 | 0.190 |
| 23 | Xanthosine | 1.467 | 0.002 | 0.318 |
| 24 | D-Ribose | 0.994 | 0.040 | 0.141 |
| 25 | 2-Methylguanosine | 2.145 | 0.000 | 0.528 |
| 26 | Butyryl-L-carnitine | 1.941 | 0.000 | 0.569 |
| 27 | α-Hydroxyhippuric acid | 1.134 | 0.019 | -0.540 |
| 28 | Gluconic acid | 1.098 | 0.023 | -0.537 |
| 29 | N-Acetylproline | 1.486 | 0.002 | 0.491 |
| 30 | Kynurenic acid | 1.543 | 0.001 | 0.465 |
| 31 | Indoxylsulfuric acid | 1.444 | 0.002 | 0.494 |
| 32 | Ferulic acid | 0.982 | 0.043 | -0.948 |
| 33 | 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid | 1.420 | 0.003 | 0.312 |
| 34 | Acetyl-DL-leucine | 1.419 | 0.003 | -0.522 |
| 35 | Indole-3-carboxylic acid | 0.969 | 0.046 | 0.359 |
| 36 | 3-Indoleacetic acid | 1.055 | 0.029 | -0.458 |
| 37 | 6β-Hydroxytestosterone | 2.074 | 0.000 | 0.929 |
| 38 | Estrone glucuronide | 1.111 | 0.021 | -1.448 |
| 39 | PGA2 methyl ester | 1.305 | 0.006 | 0.389 |
| 40 | Cortisol | 1.864 | 0.000 | 0.658 |
| 41 | Tetrahydrocortisone | 1.173 | 0.015 | 0.412 |
| 42 | Corticosterone | 1.165 | 0.016 | 0.406 |
| 43 | Deoxycorticosterone | 1.502 | 0.002 | 0.551 |
| 44 | Cortisone | 1.444 | 0.002 | 0.633 |
| 45 | Ethisterone | 1.541 | 0.001 | 0.689 |
| 46 | EPA | 0.953 | 0.050 | 0.456 |
| 47 | Decanoyl-L-carnitine | 1.295 | 0.007 | 0.828 |
| 48 | Androsterone | 2.370 | 0.000 | 0.741 |
| 49 | Lauroylcarnitine | 1.455 | 0.002 | 0.700 |
| 50 | Palmitic amide | 1.277 | 0.008 | 0.674 |
| 51 | Stearamide | 1.655 | 0.000 | 1.008 |
| 52 | Ursodeoxycholic acid | 1.231 | 0.010 | 0.398 |
| ESI- | ||||
| 53 | N-Acetylneuraminic acid | 0.993 | 0.034 | -0.257 |
| 54 | 5-aminosalicylic acid | 2.042 | 0.000 | -0.877 |
| 55 | Guanine | 1.082 | 0.021 | -0.369 |
| 56 | p-Coumaric acid | 1.315 | 0.004 | -0.852 |
| 57 | 2-Keto-glutaramic acid | 1.058 | 0.024 | 0.201 |
| 58 | L-2-Aminoadipic acid | 0.968 | 0.039 | 0.265 |
| 59 | N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid | 1.046 | 0.026 | 0.248 |
| 60 | Pyroglutamic acid | 2.089 | 0.000 | 0.483 |
| 61 | 2-Deoxy-D-ribose | 1.040 | 0.026 | -0.672 |
| 62 | N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid | 1.091 | 0.020 | 0.250 |
| 63 | (S)-2-Hydroxyglutarate | 1.512 | 0.001 | -0.754 |
| 64 | Vanillylmandelic acid | 1.065 | 0.023 | 0.269 |
| 65 | (S)-(-)-2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid | 1.449 | 0.002 | -0.487 |
| 66 | Salicyluric acid | 0.975 | 0.038 | -0.792 |
| 67 | 2-Phenylglycine | 0.943 | 0.045 | -0.829 |
| 68 | Succinylacetone | 0.973 | 0.038 | 0.405 |
| 69 | Veratric acid | 0.944 | 0.045 | -0.573 |
| 70 | Acetyl-DL-valine | 0.956 | 0.042 | 0.264 |
| 71 | Salicylic acid | 1.034 | 0.027 | -0.574 |
| 72 | Indoxylsulfuric acid | 1.573 | 0.001 | 0.542 |
| 73 | 2-Isopropylmalic acid | 0.934 | 0.047 | -0.817 |
| 74 | Caffeic acid 3-sulfate | 0.929 | 0.048 | -2.412 |
| 75 | Dihydroferulic acid 4-sulfate | 1.351 | 0.003 | -1.229 |
| 76 | Pyridoxal phosphate | 0.965 | 0.040 | -1.215 |
| 77 | 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 1.702 | 0.000 | -1.477 |
| 78 | L-Glutamine | 1.070 | 0.022 | 0.288 |
| 79 | 3-Methyladipic acid | 1.838 | 0.000 | -1.158 |
| 80 | Ferulic acid 4-sulfate | 1.903 | 0.000 | -1.748 |
| 81 | Isoferulic acid 3-O-glucuronide | 1.438 | 0.002 | -2.353 |
| 82 | 2-Keto-D-gluconic acid | 1.594 | 0.000 | -0.890 |
| 83 | (±)-Propionylcarnitine | 1.639 | 0.000 | 0.816 |
| 84 | Indolelactic acid | 1.420 | 0.002 | 1.305 |
| 85 | 3-Methylsuberic acid | 1.460 | 0.001 | -1.358 |
| 86 | L-Homocitrulline | 1.484 | 0.001 | -1.419 |
| 87 | Androsterone sulfate | 1.735 | 0.000 | 0.680 |
| 88 | L-Homotyrosine | 1.384 | 0.003 | -0.464 |