Table 1.
Participant characteristics by prevalent diabetes status.
| Characteristics | No diabetes | Diabetes | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n=1332) | (n=120) | (n=1452) | |
| Age, mean (SE) | 47.8 (0.22) | 66.6 (1.4) | 49.0 (0.2) |
| Gender, % male (SE) | 48.3 (0.3) | 60.0 (4.6) | 49.0 (0.2) |
| Education, % < high school (SE) | 20.8 (1.0) | 45.0 (4.8) | 22.3 (1.0) |
| Urine cotinine (ng/mL), geometric mean (95% CI) | 8.8 (7.3, 10.5) | 3.6 (2.2, 5.8) | 8.3 (7.0, 9.7) |
| Smoking status, | |||
| Former, % (SE) | 28.1 (1.2) | 39.3 (4.8) | 28.8 (1.2) |
| Current, % (SE) | 27.5 (1.3) | 14.3 (3.9) | 26.7 (1.2) |
| Alcohol intake (g/day); mean (SE) | 11.1 (0.6) | 11.3 (2.9) | 11.2 (0.6) |
| Glucose lowering medication; % yes (SE) | – – – | 50.0 (4.9) | 3.1 (0.4) |
| Plasma selenium (µg/L), geometric mean (95% CI) | 83.9 (82.8, 85.1) | 88.9 (84.1, 93.8) | 84.2 (83.1, 85.4) |
Abbreviations: SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval.