Table 2.

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of prevalent diabetes and hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident diabetes by plasma selenium levels.

	Prevalent diabetes (N=1452)				Incident diabetes (N=1234)
Plasma Selenium, µg/L	Cases/ Non cases	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Model 3 OR (95% CI)	Cases/ Non cases	Model 1 HR (95% CI)	Model 2 HR (95% CI)	Model 3 HR (95% CI)
<76.3	30 / 462	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	19 / 412	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
76.3–94.2	42 / 444	1.63	1.78	1.80	30 / 376	1.78	1.83	1.76
		(0.96, 2.76)	(1.02, 3.11)	(1.03, 3.14)		(0.98, 3.26)	(1.00, 3.35)	(0.96, 3.22)
≥94.2	48 / 426	1.78	1.97	1.97	26 / 371	1.78	1.86	1.80
		(1.06, 2.97)	(1.15, 3.39)	(1.14, 3.41)		(0.97, 3.28)	(1.01, 3.41)	(0.98, 3.31)
Per doubling of the dose	120 / 1332	1.81	2.07	2.06	75 / 1159	1.53	1.59	1.55
		(0.99, 3.29)	(1.08, 3.98)	(1.07, 3.95)		(0.84, 2.77)	(0.87, 2.91)	(0.85, 2.81)
P lineal		0.05	0.03	0.03		0.16	0.13	0.15

Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is adjusted for age (years), gender (male, female), education (<high school, ≥high school). Model 3 is further adjusted for urine cotinine levels (<34, 34–500, and >500 ng/mL), smoking status (never, former and current smoker) and alcohol intake (g/day). In cox proportional hazard models for the estimation of hazard ratios, the time scale was age and age at baseline was treated as staggered entries in all adjustment models. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.