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. 2017 Apr 25;8:158. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00158

Table 3.

Changes in parameters measured as compared to their values prior to cochlear implantation.

Prior to surgery
6 months after surgery
12 months after surgery
24 months after surgery
Mean Median SD Mean Median SD Mean Median SD Mean Median SD
SR 65-dB sound pressure level (SPL) 7.9 0.0 13.2 40.4** 43.8 35.9 41.6** 35.0 34.2 43.2** 46.3 25.2
NCIQ 1 40.1 39.4 20.9 59.6** 60.0 20.0 62.1** 65.0 22.4 57.6** 60.0 18.1
NCIQ 2 42.4 40.0 19.2 56.1** 55.0 20.5 54.9** 55.0 21.0 53.2** 52.5 19.4
NCIQ 3 64.4 67.5 22.6 72.1 75.0 20.4 66.9 72.2 20.6 71.7 71.9 24.0
NCIQ 4 42.6 41.7 17.5 50.9** 45.0 19.7 52.9** 52.5 18.9 53.8** 50.0 21.4
NCIQ 5 37.9 37.5 18.2 49.1** 47.5 22.8 49.3** 47.5 23.0 47.5** 43.8 18.6
NCIQ 6 41.5 40.0 22.5 51.2** 50.0 25.7 53.0** 52.8 23.3 50.3** 50.0 18.9
NCIQ total 53.8 43.2 58.7 56.6** 55.1 18.5 57.5** 55.5 19.8 55.8** 56.8 15.2
TQ E 9.0 8.0 6.0 7.4 4.0 6.8 7.1* 5.0 6.6 7.2 7.0 6.4
TQ C 6.9 7.5 4.5 5.7 4.0 5.0 5.4* 4.5 4.4 5.6 4.5 4.5
TQ E + C 15.9 14.0 10.0 13.1 9.0 11.5 12.3* 9.5 10.9 12.7* 13.0 10.6
TQ I 8.2 9.0 4.1 6.1** 5.0 5.2 5.6** 5.5 4.7 5.8** 6.0 4.3
TQ A 6.6 6.0 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.5 4.7 5.2 5.5 4.5
TQ SI 2.5 2.0 2.4 1.8* 0.0 2.5 1.9 1.0 2.3 2.3 1.5 2.7
TQ SO 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.0 2.0 1.8 0.5 2.4 1.5 1.0 1.9
TQ total 35.0 33.5 19.6 27.5* 23.0 24.0 26.7** 26.5 22.8 27.6* 30.0 22.3
OI quiet 2.4 2.4 0.9 3.4** 3.6 1.0 3.4** 3.4 0.8 3.4** 3.4 0.9
OI noise 1.8 1.6 0.6 2.7** 2.6 1.0 2.7** 2.5 0.9 2.6** 2.4 0.8
OI localization 1.9 2.0 0.8 2.8** 3.0 1.0 2.7** 2.5 1.0 2.7** 2.5 1.0
OI total 2.1 1.9 0.7 3.0** 2.9 0.9 3.0** 2.9 0.8 2.9** 2.8 0.8

Asterisks indicate significant differences between respective variables when compared to their values prior to surgery as per Wilcoxon signed-rank test; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01.

SR, speech recognition (Freiburg Monosyllabic Test, 65-dB SPL); NCIQ, German version of Nijmegen Cochlear Implantation Questionnaire (1 basic sound perception; 2 advanced sound perception; 3 speech production; 4 self-esteem; 5 activity; and 6 social interactions); TQ, Tinnitus Questionnaire (E, emotional distress; C, cognitive distress; E + C, combined psychological distress; I, intrusiveness; A, auditory perception difficulties; SI, sleep disturbances; SO, somatic complaints; total, total score); OI, Oldenburg Inventory.