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. 2017 Apr 25;11:119. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00119

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of elamipretide pretreatment on isoflurane-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of developing rats. Elamipretide (5 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was intraperitoneally administered to the pups with a volume of 0.4 ml/kg 30 min before gas inhalation. Anesthesia was induced by placing the pups in an anesthetizing chamber prefilled with 1.8% isoflurane plus 30% oxygen (O2) for 10 min and then changed to 1.5% isoflurane plus 30% O2 for 350 min. For control experiments, 30% O2 was delivered for 6 h at the same flow rate. Con: rats treated with PBS and 30% O2; Con + Ela: rats treated with elamipretide and 30% O2; Iso: rats treated with PBS and isoflurane; Iso + Ela: rats treated with elamipretide and isoflurane. The definition of Con/Con + Ela/Iso/Iso + Ela is the same as in the following figures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (A), Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (B), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) protein levels (C) and SOD activities (D) were determined with the fresh homogenates of hippocampal tissues obtained from postnatal day (PND) 7 rats (See “Materials and Methods” Section) immediately after 6 h of gas inhalation. Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 rats/group). *p < 0.05 vs. the control group; #p < 0.05 vs. the isoflurane group; ns, no significance.