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Effects of methyl viologen (MV) on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in plants. (A) Fv/Fm, the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry; (B) ΦPSII, quantum yield of PSII electron transport; (C) qP, photochemical quenching; (D) NPQ/4, non-photochemical quenching coefficient. Quantitative values (±SD) are shown below the individual fluorescence images. 0–3 days represents MV stress for 0 day (control), 1 day, and 3 day.
