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. 2016 Feb;23(5):408–430. doi: 10.2174/0929867323666160106151428

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© 2016 Bentham Science Publishers

This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

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Fig. (3) — Interplay of coagulation and inflammation. Inflammation-induced endothelial cell activation with secretion of cytokines and activation of the complement system in combination with activation of the coagulation cascade act synergistically (black arrow). Increased levels of TF start both processes. Inhibition is achieved by anticoagulation (blackberry box) and anti-inflammatory (violet box) factors. Abbreviation: AT, antithrombin III; CD62E, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1; CRP, C-reactive protein; Fibr.gen, fibrinogen; Fnlysis, fibrinolysis; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IL, interleukin; IL-1Ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; MASP-2: mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2; PARs, protease-activated receptors; PC/APC, protein C/activated protein C; TF, tissue factor; TFPI, tissue factor pathway inhibitor; TGF-ß, transforming growth factor beta.