Table 1.
Case study site health condition, clinic type, age group, digital communication used with patients, and data collected.
| Site identifier | Clinic populationa | Patient age range (years) |
Digital communication channels used in clinic |
No. of young people interviewed |
No. of staff interviewed |
No. of information governance specialists interviewed |
No. of staff shadowed |
| Diabetes 1 | Transition | 12-19 | Mobile phone, text message, email | 12 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
| Mental Health 1 (Early Intervention) | Age independent | >16 | Mobile phone, text message, email | 1 | 8 | 1 | 2 |
| Cystic Fibrosis 1 | Adult | >16 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |
| Dermatology | Adult | >18 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 2 | |
| Mental Health 2 (CAMHSb) | Child and adolescent | <18 | None | 4 | 11 | 1c | 4 |
| Mental Health 3 (Outreach team) | Child and adolescent | <18 | Mobile phone, text message, VoIPd | 5 | 11 | 1 | 3 |
| Arthritis | Transition | 16-25 | None | 16 | 8 | 1 | 1 |
| Cystic Fibrosis 2 | Adult | >16 | Mobile phone, text message, VoIP | 13 | 11 | 0 | 3 |
| School nurse service | Young people | 14-19 | Text message, VoIP (pilot) | 0 | 7 | 1 | 4 |
| Kidney | Young adult | 16-22 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3 | |
| Liver | Transition | 12-25 | Text message, email | 15 | 12 | 2 | 7 |
| Sickle Cell | Transition | 12-24 | Mobile phone, text message | 10 | 13 | 2 | 9 |
| Mental Health 4 (Early Intervention in Psychosis Team) | Youth | 14-35 | Mobile phone, text message, email | 4 | 9 | 2 | 8 |
| Cancer 1 | Teenage and young adult | 15-24 | Mobile phone, text message, email | 12 | 7 | 0 | 3 |
| Diabetes 2 | Transition | 16-25 | Mobile phone, VoIP | 11 | 6 | 2 | 2 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1 | Adult | >16 | Web portal, email | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease 2 | Adolescent | 13-23 | 13 | 7 | 0 | 4 | |
| HIVe | Adult | >18 | None | 9 | 12 | 0 | 4 |
| Sexual Health | Adult and young people | >16 | Testing kits ordered online | 12 | 10 | 0 | 3 |
| Cancer 2 | Teenage and young adult | 15-24 | Mobile phone, text message, email | 11 | 11 | 2 | 8 |
aAs described by clinic staff.
bCAMHS: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services.
cInformation governance specialist was the same person as for Mental Health 1.
dVoIP: voice over Internet protocol.
eHIV: human immunodeficiency virus.