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TMV accumulation in inoculated leaves of N. benthamiana. The plants were pre‐treated with the indicated treatments before TMV inoculation. The TMV concentration was determined by ELISA. The data are expressed as the mean values with the standard deviations of 12 leaf samples from individual plants. The statistical comparisons are between the different treatments within the same sampling time point. Different letters indicate significant differences using Fisher's LSD (P = 0.05).
