. 2017 Apr 1;4(2):82–105. doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2016.0026

Table 1.

Sexual Minority-Inclusive Health Surveillance Data Sources

	Sampling design				Question type
Name/study website	Probability	Nonprobability	Sample characteristics	Study years	Sexual identity	Sexual behavior (past 30 days)	Sexual behavior (past 12 months)	Sexual behavior (past 5 years)	Sexual behavior (lifetime)	Attraction	Partner status	Specific questions	PI/contact and data access
Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey: Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, England¹¹ http://content.digital.nhs.uk/article/3739/National-Study-of-Health-and-Wellbeing			Population: noninstitutionalized British residents; Age: ≥16years Size: varies 2014: 7500	2000, 2007, 2014								2014: Which of the following options best describes how you think of yourself? Heterosexual or Straight, Gay or Lesbian, Bisexual, Other	PI: National Centre for Social Research, and the Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester.
												Altogether, in the last 5 years, how many same sex partners have you had sex with?	E-mail: enquiries@nhsdigital.nhs.uk
												Altogether, in the last year, how many same-sex partners have you had sexual intercourse with?	Phone: +44-(0)-0300-303-5678
												2007: Which statement best describes your sexual orientation? This means sexual feelings, whether or not you have had any sexual partners: Entirely heterosexual (attracted to persons of the opposite sex); Mostly heterosexual, some homosexual feelings; Bisexual (equally attracted to men and women); Mostly homosexual, some heterosexual feelings; Entirely homosexual (attracted to persons of the same sex)	Data access: https://discover.ukdataservice.ac.uk/series/?sn=2000044
												Have your sexual partners been…? only opposite sex; mainly opposite sex, but some same-sex partners; mainly same-sex, but some opposite sex, partners; only same sex, I have not had a sexual partner
												Please choose the answer below that best describes how you think of yourself: completely heterosexual, mainly heterosexual, bisexual, mainly gay or lesbian, completely gay or lesbian
American Community Survey¹² census.gov/acs			Population: noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: all ages	Annually 2000–present								How is this person [Person 2] related to Person 1? Husband or wife, Unmarried partner	PI: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau
			Size: varies									What is Person 2's sex? Male Female	Phone: 1-800-923-8282 Data access: www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs
Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health¹³ alswh.org.au			Population: female, Australian Medicare recipients Age: 18–23, 45–50, 70–75 in 1996 Size: 41,600	1996–present Longitudinal								1946–1951 cohort-specific questions: What is your present marital status? (Mark one only) Married (registered), De facto relationship (opposite sex), De facto relationship (same sex), Separated, Divorced, Widowed, Never married (2013, 2010, 2007)	E-mail: a.dobson@sph.uq.edu.au Data access: requires application and study team review
												1973–1978 cohort-specific questions: Which of these most closely describes your sexual orientation? (Mark one only) I am exclusively heterosexual, I am mainly heterosexual, I am bisexual, I am mainly homosexual (lesbian), I am exclusively homosexual (lesbian), I don't know, I don't want to answer (2014, 2012)	More information: http://alswh.org.au/how-to-access-the-data/alswh-data
												What is your present marital status? (Mark one only) Never married, Married, De facto (opposite sex), De facto (same sex), Separated, Divorced, Widowed (2015, 2012, 2009)
												What are your living arrangements? (Mark all that apply) I live alone, I live with one or both parents, I live with other adults, I live with my male partner, I live with my female partner (2014)
												1989–1995 cohort-specific questions: Which of these most closely describes your sexual orientation? (Mark one only) I am exclusively heterosexual, I am mainly heterosexual, I am bisexual, I am mainly homosexual (lesbian), I am exclusively homosexual (lesbian), I don't know, I don't want to answer.
												What are your living arrangements? (Mark all that apply) I live alone, I live with one or both parents, I live with other adults, I live with my male partner, I live with my female partner (2015)
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System^3,14 cdc.gov/brfss			Population: noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: ≥18 years Size: varies	Annual								We ask this question to better understand the health and healthcare needs of people with different sexual orientations. Do you consider yourself to be Straight, Lesbian or Gay, Bisexual, Other, Don't know/Not sure	PI: CDC Behavioral Survey Branch Data access: Contact state-by-state project officers (www.cdc.gov/brfss/state_info/coordinators.htm) More information: see BRFSS state-added question database (www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/index.htm)
California Health Interview Survey¹⁵ chis.ucla.edu			Population: California residents;	Biennially								Do you think of yourself as straight or heterosexual, gay/lesbian or homosexual, or bisexual?	PI: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research E-mail: chis@ucla.edu
			Age: ≥18 years									Is that partner (if sexually active) male or female? (Referring to past 30 days)	Phone: 866-275-2447
			Size: 50,000									In the past 12 months, have your sexual partners been male, female, or both male and female?	Data access: Sexual minority data are restricted and require application and payment of a minimum $1,000 data processing/analysis fee More information: chis.ucla.edu/main/DAC/default.asp
California Women's Health Survey¹⁶ www.dhcs.ca.gov/dataandstats/Pages/CWHS.aspx			Population: California adult women living in households with telephones	Annually since 1997								Which of the following best describes you? Would you say… Heterosexual (straight), Gay or Lesbian, Bisexual, Not sure, Don't know	Contact: Julia C. Tomassilli, PhD E-mail: julia.tomassilli@csus.edu
			Age: ≥18 years Size: ∼4000									Which response best describes whom you have had sex with in the past 12 months? Would you say… Sex only with a woman (or with women), Sex only with a man (or with men), Sex with both men and women, Did not have sex, Don't know	Phone: 916-278-2081 More information: www.dhcs.ca.gov/dataandstats/reports/Documents/OWHReports/SurveysandDocumentation/CWHS.2012.Documentation.pdf Note: Refer to technical documentation before requesting data
Canadian Community Health Survey¹⁷ statcan.gc.ca/imdb-bmdi/3226-eng.htm			Population: noninstitutionalized Canadian residents; Age: ≥12 years	Biennially 1991–2007 Annually 2008–present								Do you consider yourself to be…? Heterosexual (sexual relations with people of the opposite sex), Homosexual, that is, lesbian or gay (sexual relations with people of your own sex), Bisexual (sexual relations with people of both sexes)	PI: Statistics Canada E-mail: hd-ds@statcan.gc.ca Phone: 613-951-1746
			Size: 65,000									In the past 12 months, have you had sex with a male? In the past 12 months, have you had sex with a female?	Data access: requires application and fulfillment of eligibility criteria, data must be analyzed at Research Data Centers More information: statcan.gc.ca/rdc-cdr/
												During your lifetime, have you had sex with…? Males only, Females only, Both males and females
Colorado Tobacco Attitudes and Behaviors Survey¹⁸ www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/PublicHealth/community/CEPEG/TABS/Pages/TABS.aspx			Population: English- or Spanish-speaking Colorado residents Household sampling based on landline or cell phone Age: ≥18 years Size: 12,000–18,000	2001, 2005, 2008, 2012, 2015								Do you consider yourself to be Heterosexual, that is, straight; Homosexual, that is, gay or lesbian; Bisexual, or something else?	Contact: Colorado School of Public Health E-mail: colorado.sph@ucdenver.edu Phone: 303-714-4585 Data access: www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/PublicHealth/community/CEPEG/TABS/Surveys/Pages/default.aspx
Current Population Survey¹⁹ census.gov/cps/			Population: civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: ≥16 years Size: 50,000	Monthly								How is [Person 2] related to you? Opposite-sex spouse (Husband/Wife), Opposite-sex unmarried partner, Same-sex spouse (Husband/Wife), Same-sex unmarried partner	PI: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau Phone: 1-800-923-8282 Data access: www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/data-detail.html
General Social Survey²⁰ gss.norc.org/			Population: noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: ≥18 years Size: 2000	Annually until 1994 Biennially since 1994								Which of the following best describes you? Gay, lesbian, or homosexual; Bisexual; Heterosexual or Straight; Don't Know	PI: Tom W. Smith E-mail: GSS@norc.org Phone: 733-256-6288
												Have your sex partners in the last 12 months been… Exclusively male, Both male and female, Exclusively female, Don't know	Data access: available for download at http://gss.norc.org/Get-The-Data or through gssdataexplorer.norc.org
												Have your sex partners in the last 5 years been… Exclusively male, Both male and female, Exclusively female, Don't know
												Now, thinking about the time since your 18th birthday (again, including the recent past that you have already told us about) how many female partners have you ever had sex with?
												Again thinking about the time since your 18th birthday (again, including the recent past that you have already told us about) how many male partners have you ever had sex with?
Growing Up Today Study²¹ gutsweb.org			Population: Children of Nurses' Health Study participants Age: 9–14 in 1996 and 10–17 in 2004 Size: GUTS-16,700 GUTS2-10,900	Annually since 1996 Longitudinal								During your life, the person(s) with whom you have had sexual contact (however you define it) is (are): I have not had sexual contact with anyone, Female(s), Males(s), Female(s) and Male(s)	Contact: Xenia Kumph, Project Manager E-mail: gutsadmin@channing.harvard.edu
												Which of the following best describes your feelings? Completely heterosexual (attracted to persons of the opposite sex), Mostly heterosexual, Bisexual (equally attracted to men and women), Mostly homosexual, Completely homosexual (gay/lesbian, attracted to persons of the same sex), Not sure	Data access: Investigators who are interested in using GUTS data or surveys should e-mail the Project Manager.
												Is your partner in your current relationship: Male, Female
Healthy Youth Survey²² www.doh.wa.gov/DataandStatisticalReports/DataSystems/HealthyYouthSurvey			Population: Students from schools randomly sampled at the state level Age: grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 Size: varies	2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014								Which of the following best describes you? Heterosexual (straight), Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Not sure	Contact: Jennifer Sabel at Washington State Department of Health E-mail: Jennifer.Sabel@doh.wa.gov Phone: 360-236-4248 Data request: www.doh.wa.gov/DataandStatisticalReports/DataSystems/HealthyYouthSurvey
Kaiser Permanente Member Health Survey²³ dor.kaiser.org/external/DORExternal/mhs/index.aspx			Population: northern California Kaiser health plan members; Age: ≥20 years Size: 42,000	1993–ongoing, every 3 years								Are you bisexual or [lesbian/gay]? No; yes, bisexual; yes, [lesbian/gay].	Nancy P. Gordon, ScD, Study Director, Research Investigator, Division of Research Phone: 510-891-3587 E-mail: nancy.gordon@kp.org dor.kaiser.org/external/Nancy_Gordon
Los Angeles County Health Survey²⁴ lapublichealth.org/ha/hasurveyintro.htm			Population: Los Angeles county residents Age: ≥18 years Size: 7200	1997, 1999–2000, 2002–2003, 2005, 2007, 2011								Now I'll read a list of terms people sometimes use to describe themselves. As I read the list, please stop me when I get to the term that best describes how you think of yourself. Heterosexual/Straight, Homosexual/gay/Lesbian, Bisexual, Don't Know	PI: Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Phone: 213-240-7785 Data access: requires submission of a proposal and documentation of data security.
												Over the past 12 months, with how many [women/men] have you had sex?	More information on data access: lapublichealth.org/ha/HA_DATA.htm
Midlife Development in the United States^25–27 midus.wisc.edu			Population: noninstitutionalized, English-speaking U.S. adults; Age: 25–74 years Size: 7100	Wave 1: 1995–1996 Wave 2: 2004–2006 Wave 3: 2013–2014 Longitudinal								MIDUS 1: How would you describe your sexual orientation? Would you say you are heterosexual (sexually attracted only to the opposite sex), homosexual (sexually attracted only to your own sex), or bisexual (sexually attracted to both men and women)?	PI: Carol Ryff, PhD Phone: 608-262-2056 Data and documentation available for download: dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04652
												MIDUS 2: How would you describe your sexual orientation? Would you say you are primarily heterosexual (sexually attracted only to the opposite sex), homosexual (sexually attracted only to your own sex), or bisexual (sexually attracted to both men and women)?
												MIDUS 2: Is [KHNAME] a male or a female? Male, Female, Don't Know/Not sure
												MIDUS 2: How is [KHNAME] related to you? Husband or wife, lover/partner, same-sex lover/partner
												MIDUS 3: Is [KHNAME] a male or a female? Male, Female, Don't know/Not sure
												MIDUS 3: How is [KHNAME] related to you? Husband or wife, lover/partner, same-sex lover/partner
Minnesota Student Survey²⁸ www.health.state.mn.us/divs/chs/mss			Population: students in regular public schools, alternative schools, and area learning centers and students in juvenile correctional facilities Age: grades 6, 9, and 12 Size: varies 2013: 165,000	Conducted every 3 years; 1992–2013								During the last 12 months, with how many different male/female partners have you had intercourse? (dichotomized to… had sex with someone of the same sex or had heterosexual sex)	Contact: Ann Kinney E-mail: ann.kinney@state.mn.us Phone: 651-201-5946 Data access: E-mail to request data use and agreement forms
National Adult Tobacco Survey²⁹ www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nats			Population: U.S. national stratified sample based on landline and cell phone of noninstitutionalized adults	2009–2010, 2012–2013								Do you think of yourself as…?	PI: CDC
			Age: ≥18 years									For men: Gay; Straight, that is, not gay; Bisexual; Something else	Phone: 800-CDC-INFO
			Size: varies									For women: Lesbian or gay; Straight, that is, not lesbian or gay; Bisexual; Something else	Data access: www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nats
National Alcohol Survey³⁰ arg.org/center/national-alcohol-surveys			Population: U.S. residents Age: ≥18 years Size: 7000	2005, every 5 years								Which of the following statements best describes your sexual orientation? Heterosexual, that is, straight, or prefer to have sex with people of the opposite sex; Bisexual, that is, prefer to have sex with people of either sex; or Homosexual, that is, gay or lesbian, or prefer to have sex with people of your own sex; Don't Know	PI: Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System E-mail: AEDSinfo@csrincorporated.com
												Thinking of the last 5 years, that is, since (SEASON) of (YEAR), has the partner or partners in your sexual relationships been Only men, Mostly men, About the same number of men and women, Mostly women, Only women, or Have you not had a sexual relationship in the last 5 years?
National College Health Assessment^31–33 achancha.org			Population: college students at select U.S. colleges and universities	Biannually 2000–present								NCHA I: Which of the following best describes you? Heterosexual, Bisexual, Unsure, Gay/Lesbian, Transgendered	PI: American College Health Association E-mail: mhoban@acha.org Phone: 410-859-1500 Data access: requires application
			Age: ≥18 years old Size: varies; Spring 2015: 93,000									Within the last 12 months, were your sexual partner(s), if any, N/A, Female, Male, Both Male and Female	More information on data access: acha-ncha.org/research.html
												NCHA II: What is your sexual orientation? Heterosexual, Gay/Lesbian, Bisexual, Unsure
												Within the last 12 months, did you have sexual partner(s) who were (Please mark the appropriate column [Yes/No] for each row) Female, Male, Transgender
												NCHA IIc: What term best describes your sexual orientation? Asexual, Bisexual, Gay, Lesbian, Pansexual, Queer, Questioning, Same Gender Loving, Straight/Heterosexual, Another identity (please specify)
												Within the past 12 months, did you have sexual partner(s) who were Women, Men, Trans women, Trans men, Genderqueer, Persons with another identity
National Comorbidity Survey^34–36 hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs			Population: noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: ≥18 years old	NCS-1: 1990–1992 NCS-2: 2001–2002								Which of the categories on the card best describes you? Heterosexual (straight), Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Not sure	PI: Ronald Kessler E-mail: NCS@hcp.med.harvard.edu Data access: data are publicly available for NCS and NCS-R. However, NCS-R sexual minority measures are restricted and require a restricted use dataset application. NCS-2 data are restricted and require application for access: www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs
			Size: NCS-1: 8000 NCS-2: 5000 NCS-R: 10,000	NCS-R: 2001–2003								In the past 5 years, how many [men/women] have you had sexual intercourse with? (Circle one category) None, 1, 2–5, 6–10, >10
												Relationship roster includes relationship to respondent and sex
National Drug Strategy Household Survey³⁷ www.aihw.gov.au/alcohol-and-other-drugs/data-sources/about-ndshs			Australian population Age: ≥12 years Size: varies 2013: 24,000	Every 3 years 1998–present								Do you think of yourself as…? Heterosexual or straight; homosexual (gay or lesbian); bisexual; not sure, undecided: something else	PI: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare E-mail: Open.data@aihw.gov.au Data access: http://data.gov.au/dataset/aa3cb47f-b3b4-492a-8f98-c6013beb814e
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions³⁸ niaaa.nih.gov/research/nesarc-iii			Population: noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: ≥18 years	Wave 1: 2001–2002 Wave 2: 2004–2005								Which of the categories on the card best describes you? Heterosexual (straight), gay or lesbian, bisexual, not sure	PI: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Contact: Nekisha Lakins, CSR Incorporated E-mail: nlakins@csrincorporated.com Phone: 703-741-7157
			Size: Wave 1: 43,100 Wave 2: 34,700 Wave 3: 36,300	Wave 3: 2012–2013 Longitudinal								In your entire life, have you had sex with only males, only females, both males and females, or have you never had sex?	Data access: researchers interested in accessing NESARC datasets should contact Aaron White, PhD, at aaron.white@nih.gov or 301-451-5943
												People are different in their sexual attraction to other people. Which category on the card best describes your feelings? Only attracted to females, mostly attracted to females, equally attracted to males and females, mostly attracted to males, only attracted to males
National Health and Nutrition Examination Study³⁹ cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm			Population: civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: all ages Size: 5000	Annually 1999–present								Do you think of yourself as heterosexual or straight (i.e., sexually attracted only to [men/women]); homosexual or gay (i.e., sexually attracted to only [women/men]); bisexual (i.e., sexually attracted to men and women); something else?	PI: CDC Phone: 800-232-4636 Data access: series available for download at cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes_questionnaires.htm More information about data access: can be pooled across survey years to create large sample sizes; CDC provides guidance at cdc.gov/nchs/tutorials/Nhanes/index_continuous.htm
												In the past 12 months, with how many [men/women] have you had sex?
												In your lifetime, with how many [men/women] have you had sex?
National Health and Social Life Survey⁴⁰ popcenter.uchicago.edu/data/nhsls.shtml			Population: U.S. residents of two metropolitan areas Age: 18–59 years old	1992								Do you think of yourself as… Heterosexual, Homosexual, Bisexual, Something else, Normal/Straight, Don't know	PI: Edward Laumann, PhD E-mail: sscs-data-archive@listhost.uchicago.edu Data access: available for download at study website or dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR06647
			Size: 3400									Have your sex partners in the last 12 months been exclusively male; both male and female; or female?
												Have your sex partners in the last 5 years been exclusively male; both male and female; or female?
												Now thinking about the time since your 18th birthday (including the recent past you've already told us about) how many {female/male} partners have you had sex with?
												Now thinking about the time since your 18th birthday and during the time before you started living with [(S)pouse/(C)ohabitant], how many people, including men and women, did you begin having sex with, even if only one time?
												If one, was this partner a male or female? If two or more, how many of these partners were (a) male or (b) female?
												Now, I am going to ask you some questions about any other sexual partners you may have had during the time you were living with (1st S/C)…
												On a scale of 1 to 4, where 1 is very appealing and 4 is not at all appealing, how would you rate each of these activities: b) having sex with someone of the same sex.
												In general, you are sexually attracted to (1) only men, (2) mostly men, (3) both men and women, (4) mostly women, (5) only women
												Relationship roster includes relationship to respondent and sex
National Health Interview Survey⁴¹ cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm			Population: civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. residents;	1972–1993 Annually 1994–2014 Even-numbered years								Which of the following best represents how you think of yourself? Gay; Straight, that is, not gay; Bisexual; Something else; I don't know the answer [Are you/Is ALIAS] male or female?	PI: CDC Phone: 800-432-4636 Data access: series available for download at cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/nhis_questionnaires.htm
			Age: all ages Size: 87,500									What is [ALIAS's] relationship to [you]? Spouse (husband/wife], Unmarried partner
National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey⁴² www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/34305			Population: U.S. men and women Age: ≥18 years Size: 18,000	2010								Do you consider yourself to be…? Heterosexual or straight, Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Transgendered	Phone: 800-999-0960 E-mail: nacjd@icpsr.umich.edu Data access: www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/34305
												During your lifetime, have you had sex with only men, only women, or both men and women? Only men, Only women, Both men and women, Other (specify), Neither
National Latino and Asian American Study⁴³ www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/00191#bibcite			Population: national U.S. community and household sample of adults Age: ≥18 years Size: 4600	2002–2003								We would like to ask you some questions about your sexual preference. We would like to know how you best describe yourself. Please read the question and tell me the letter corresponding to your answer: heterosexual; homosexual, lesbian, gay; bisexual; something else; not sure	PI: Margarita Alegria Data access: www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/20240
												Thinking back on the past 12 months, have your sexual experiences been with… females only, mostly females, about equal numbers of males and females, mostly males, all males
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)⁴⁴ cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth			Population: U.S. in-school adolescents Age: grades 7–12 Size: 14,400	1994–2008 Longitudinal								Choose the description that best fits how you think about yourself: 100% heterosexual (straight); Mostly heterosexual (straight), but somewhat attracted to people of your own sex; Bisexual that is, attracted to men and women equally; mostly homosexual (gay), but somewhat attracted to people of the opposite sex; 100% homosexual (gay); Not sexually attracted to males or females; Not sure.	PI: Add Health Study Team E-mail: addhealth@unc.edu Data access: Sexual minority data require restricted use application, IRB approval, data security plan, $850 fee. More information on data access: www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/DSDR/studies/21600
												Considering all types of sexual activity, with how many [females/males] have you had sex over the past 12 months, even if only one time?
												Considering all types of sexual activity, with how many [female/male] partners have you ever had sex?
												Are you romantically attracted to [females/males]?
												Identify romantic and sexual partners, including their gender, in a partnership roster
National Research Consortium of Counseling Centers in Higher Education⁴⁵ www.cmhc.utexas.edu/rc_datasets.html			Population: stratified random sample of students from 70 U.S. institutions of higher education Age: ≥18 years Size: 108,500									How would you describe your sexual orientation? Bisexual; Gay or lesbian; Heterosexual; Questioning; Other, please specify	Contact: University of Texas Counseling and Mental Health Center Data access: www.cmhc.utexas.edu/rc_datasets.html
National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project⁴⁶ norc.org/nshap			Population: community-residing U.S adults Age: 57–85 years Size: Wave 1: 3000 Wave 2: 3400	Wave 1: 2005–2006 Wave 2: 2010–2011								First, in what month and year did you first have sexual activity with (CURRENT OR MOST RECENT SPOUSE/COHAB THAT BEGAN W/IN LAST 5 YEARS, OR CURRENT ROMANTIC PARTNER'S NAME)? Is this person male or female?	PI: Linda Waite, PhD Phone: 773-256-6333 E-mail: l-waite@uchicago.edu Data access: requires restricted use application and IRB approval More information on data access: dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20541
												Thinking about the most recent person you had sexual activity within the last 5 years, in what month and year did you first have sexual activity with that person, even if it was more than 5 years ago? Is this person male or female?
												Thinking about the (most recent/second most recent/third most recent) person you had sexual activity within the last 5 years). In what month and year did you first have sexual activity with that person, even if that first time was more than 5 years ago? Is this person male or female?
												Which of the following best describes (name's) relationship to you? Spouse, Romantic/Sexual Partner
National Survey of Family Growth⁴⁷ cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg.htm			Population: noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: 15–44 years	2002, Wave 6 2006–2010								Do you think of yourself as…Heterosexual or straight; Homosexual, gay, or lesbian; or Bisexual	PI: National Center for Health Statistics Data access: Sexual minority data restricted and require a data request and user agreement More information: cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/nsfg_questionnaires.htm
			Size: 12,600	2011–2013								Thinking about the last 12 months, how many [male/female] sex partners have you had in the 12 months since (INTERVIEW MONTH)? Please count every partner, even those you had sex with only once in those 12 months.
												Have you ever had any sexual experience of any kind with another [male/female]?
												People are different in their sexual attraction to other people. Which best describes your feelings? Are you…only attracted to females, mostly attracted to females, equally attracted to males and females, mostly attracted to males, only attracted to males
												What is X's relationship to you? Husband, Male partner, Wife, Female partner
National Survey on Drug Use and Health⁴ samhsa.gov/data/population-data-nsduh/reports			Population: noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: ≥12 years	1971–present								Which of the following do you consider yourself to be? Heterosexual, that is, Straight; Lesbian, or Gay; Bisexual	PI: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Data access: 1996 data and documentation available for download: dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR02391 For more information about NSDUH data, see www.samhsa.gov/data/population-data-nsduh/reports?tab=38 or contact samhda-support@samhsa.hhs.gov
			Size: 70,000									During the past 12 months, have you had sex with only males, only females, or with both males and females? Remember: by sex we mean only vaginal, oral, or anal. Please only mark one box for the best answer.
												People are different in their sexual attraction to other people. Which statement best describes your feelings? I am only attracted to females, I am mostly attracted to females, I am equally attracted to females and males, I am mostly attracted to males, I am only attracted to males, I am not sure.
National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles^48–50 www.natsal.ac.uk/home.aspx			General population survey in the United Kingdom Natsal-1: Age: 16–59 years Size: 18,900 Natsal-2: Age: 16–44 years Size: 12,110	Natsal-1: 1990–1991 Natsal-2: 1999–2000 Natsal-3: 2010–2012								Which of the options on this card best describes how you think of yourself? Response options: Just tell me the letter next to the description on this card: Heterosexual/straight, gay/lesbian, bisexual, other.	PI: Bob Erens E-mail: c.mercer@ucl.ac.uk Phone: 0800-783-5890
			Natsal-3: Age: 16–74 years Size: 15,000									Altogether, in your life so far, how many (men/women—same sex) have you had sex with (that is, oral or anal, or other forms of genital contact)?
National Violence Against Women Survey⁵¹ www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/2566			U.S. sample of adults Age: ≥18 years	1994–1996								Are you currently living as a couple with a woman/man?	PI: Patricia Tjaden Data access: www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/2566
			Size: 8000 men and 8000 women									Have you ever lived as a couple with a woman/man?
												How many women/men have you lived with as a couple?
New York City Community Health Survey⁵² www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/data/data-sets/community-health-survey.page			Cross-sectional NYC residents from the five boroughs; adults Age: ≥18 years Size: 8500	Annually 2002–2014								Now I'll read a list of terms people sometimes use to describe themselves…heterosexual or straight, homosexual, gay or lesbian, and bisexual. As I read the list again, please stop me when I get to the term that best describes how you think of yourself. Heterosexual or straight; Homosexual, gay or lesbian; Bisexual, Don't know/not sure	Contact: CHS coordinator, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene E-mail: survey@health.nyc.gov Data access: www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/data/data-sets/community-health-survey-public-use-data.page
												For women: During the past 12 months, with how many women have you had sex? READ IF NEEDED: By sex, we mean oral, vaginal, or anal sex, but not masturbation.
												For men: During the past 12 months, with how many men have you had sex? READ IF NEEDED: By sex, we mean oral or anal sex, but not masturbation.
New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey⁵³ http://nychanes.org/data			Cross-sectional noninstitutionalized sample of NYC residents;	2013–2014								Do you think of yourself as… Response options: Heterosexual/straight, homosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual, don't know, not sure.	E-mail: info@nychanes.org Phone: 347-396-4171
			Age: ≥20 years Size: 1500									In your lifetime have you had any type of sex with man/woman (same sex)?	Data access: http://nychanes.org/data
Nurses' Health Study II⁵⁴ channing.harvard.edu/nhs			Population: nurses from CA, CT, IN, IA, KY, MA, MI, MO, NY, NC, OH, PA, SC, and TX in 1989 Age: 25–42 years Size: 116,700	Biennially 1989–present Longitudinal								Whether or not you are currently sexually active, what is your sexual orientation or identity (please choose one answer): heterosexual; lesbian, gay or homosexual; bisexual; none of these; prefer not to answer.	PI: Nurses' Health Study Phone: 617-525-2279 E-mail: nhs2@channing.harvard.edu Data access: requires proposal, identification of a study team collaborator, and approval of advisory committee; data requesters responsible for paying the data production and statistical analysis costs.
Personality & Total Health Through Life⁵⁵ crahw.anu.edu.au/research/projects/personality-total-health-path-through-life			Population: Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia residents Age: 20–24, 40–44, and 60–64 at baseline Size: 20+ cohort: 2400 40+ cohort: 2500 60+ cohort: 2500	1999–present Longitudinal								Would you currently consider yourself to be predominantly Heterosexual, Homosexual, Bisexual, Don't know	PI: Kaarin Anstey, PhD Phone: +61-2-6125 8410 E-mail: Kaarin.Anstey@anu.edu.au Information on data access: http://crahw.anu.edu.au/research/projects/personality-total-health-path-through-life/data
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods⁵⁶ www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/PHDCN/about.jsp			Population: adolescents, children, and their caregivers from randomly sampled neighborhoods in Chicago, Illinois; longitudinal Size: 6200	1994–1997, 1997–1999, 2000–2001								Which of the following best describes your feelings? 100% heterosexual (only attracted to person of the opposite sex); mostly heterosexual (attracted to both, but mostly persons of the opposite sex); bisexual (pretty much equally attracted to both men and women); mostly homosexual (attracted to both, but mostly persons of the same sex); 100% homosexual (gay/lesbian; only attracted to persons of the same sex); not sure	PI: Felton Earls E-mail: phdcn@icpsr.umich.edu Data access: www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/PHDCN/daa.jsp
U.S. Census⁵⁷ census.gov			Population: noninstitutionalized U.S. residents; Age: all ages	1990, 2000, 2010								How is this person [Person 2] related to Person 1? Husband or wife, Unmarried partner	PI: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau
			Size: varies									What is Person 2′s sex? Male Female	Phone: 1-800-923-8282 Data access: factfinder.census.gov
Women's Health Initiative⁵⁸ nhlbi.nih.gov/whi			Population: women from 40 U.S. clinical centers; Age: 50–79 years Observational: 161,800	1993–2015 Longitudinal								Which response best describes who you have had sex with after 45 years of age? Never had sex, Sex with a woman or with women, Sex with a man or with men, Sex with both men and women	PI: WHI Phone: 301-402-2900 E-mail: helpdesk@whi.org Data access: requires request and IRB approval. More information: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs000200.v10.p3
												Regardless of whether you are currently sexually active, which response best describes who you have had sex with over your adult lifetime? Have never had sex, Sex with a woman or with women, Sex with a man or with men, Sex with both men and women, Prefer not to answer.
Youth2000⁵⁹ www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/en/faculty/adolescent-health-research-group/youth2000-national-youth-health-survey-series.html			Population: secondary school students from New Zealand; schools randomly selected throughout the country; cross-sectional Age: 9–13 years Size: 28,000	2001, 2007, 2012								Who are you sexually attracted to…? The opposite sex (e.g., I am a male attracted to females or I am a female attracted to males); The same sex (e.g., I am a male attracted to males or I am a female attracted to females); Both sexes (e.g., I am attracted to males and females); I'm not sure; Neither; I don't understand this question	PI: Terryann Clark E-mail: t.clark@auckland.ac.nz Phone: +64-9-923-7620 or +64-21-294-8354 Data access: www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/en/faculty/adolescent-health-research-group/collaborations-and-access-to-datasets.html#2e2c836f0e6f923183bc0e0884a0a954
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System⁶⁰ cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs			For national YRBS Population: U.S. public and private school students	Biennially								Which of the following best describes you? Heterosexual (straight), Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Not sure	E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.gov Data access: combined dataset 1991–2013 available at www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/data.htm CDC will provide information on how to request data from jurisdictions where survey was conducted and in some cases can provide the data.
			Age: grades 9–12 Size: varies									During your life, with whom have you had sexual contact? I have never had sexual contact, Females, Males, Females and Males	More information on data access: cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/contactyrbs.htm

Column shading is used to indicate the following for each data source: 1) type of sampling design, and 2) specific types of sexual orientation and transgender-inclusive gender identity questions.

BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; CA, California; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CT, Connecticut; GUTS, Growing Up Today Study; IA, Iowa; IN, Indiana; IRB, Institutional Review Board; KY, Kentucky; MA, Massachusetts; MI, Michigan; MIDUS, Midlife Development in the United States; MO, Missouri; N/A, not applicable; Natsal, National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles; NC, North Carolina; NCHA, National College Health Assessment; NCS, National Comorbidity Survey; NESARC, National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions; NSDUH, National Survey on Drug Use and Health; NYC, New York City; NYC CHS, New York City Community Health Survey; OH, Ohio; PA, Pennsylvania; SC, South Carolina; TX, Texas; WHI, Women's Health Initiative; YRBSS, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.