Table 3.
CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing in plants
| Plant species | Target gene | Modification | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis | PDS3, FLS2, RACK1b, RACK1c | NHEJ | [96] |
| Arabidopsis | BRI1, GAI, JAZ1 | NHEJ | [149, 150] |
| Arabidopsis | CHLI1, CHLI2, TT4, AP1, GL2 | NHEJ | [150–152] |
| Arabidopsis | GFP (transgene) | NHEJ | [153, 154] |
| Arabidopsis | ADH1, TT4, RTEL, GUS (transgene) | NHEJ, HDR | [85, 86] |
| Arabidopsis | FT, SPL4 | NHEJ | [155] |
| Arabidopsis | ABP1 | NHEJ | [71] |
| Arabidopsis | Cru3 | NHEJ | [156] |
| Arabidopsis | TRY, CPC, ETC2, CHIL1, CHIL2 | NHEJ | [79, 157] |
| Arabidopsis | 1g03180, 1g16210, 1g56650, 5g55580 | NHEJ | [80] |
| Arabidopsis | 05g55580, 1g56650, 1g03180, 1g16210 | NHEJ | [80] |
| Arabidopsis | PHYB, BRI1 | NHEJ | [123] |
| Arabidopsis | BRI1, PDS3 | NHEJ | [158] |
| Arabidopsis | PYR1, PYL1, PYL2, PYL4, PYL5, PYL8 | NHEJ | [82] |
| Arabidopsis | SH3P3 | NHEJ | [159] |
| Arabidopsis | eIF(iso)4E | NHEJ | [57] |
| Arabidopsis | CBF1, CBF2, CBF3 | NHEJ | [63, 160] |
| Arabidopsis | DM2 | NHEJ | [161] |
| Arabidopsis | UGT79B2, UGT79B3 | NHEJ | [162] |
| Arabidopsis | CWIN1 | NHEJ | [163] |
| Arabidopsis | MIR169a, MIR827a, TFL1 | NHEJ, HDR | [77] |
| Arabidopsis | TTG1 | NHEJ | [164] |
| Barley | HvPM19 | NHEJ | [165] |
| Cabbage | BoIC.GA4.a | NHEJ | [165] |
| Camelina | FAD2 | NHEJ | [69, 70] |
| C. reinhardtii | CpFTSY, ZEP | NHEJ | [166] |
| Cotton | GFP (transgene) | NHEJ | [167] |
| Cotton | MYB25-like A, MYB25-like D | NHEJ | [67] |
| Cotton | CLA1, VP | NHEJ | [68] |
| Dandelion | 1-FFT | NHEJ | [168] |
| Flax | EPSPS, BFP (transgene) | NHEJ, HDR | [169] |
| Grape | IdnDH | NHEJ | [170] |
| Lettuce | BIN2 | NHEJ | [123] |
| Liverwort | ARF1 | NHEJ | [171] |
| Lotus japonicus | SYMRK, LjLb1, LjLb2, LjLb3 | NHEJ | [172] |
| Maize | IPK | NHEJ | [139] |
| Maize | LIG1, Ms26, Ms45, ALS1, ALS2 | NHEJ, HDR | [173] |
| Maize | PSY1, and other 90 loci | NHEJ | [174] |
| Maize | ZB7, 2g332562, 2g080129, 2g099580, 2g170586, 2g438243, | NHEJ | [175] |
| Maize | ARGOS8 | NHEJ | [176] |
| Maize | AGO18a, Ago18b, a1, a4 | NHEJ | [177] |
| Moss | PpAPT | NHEJ, HDR | [178] |
| Moss | PpKAI2L, PpAP2/ERF | NHEJ | [179] |
| N. oceanica | NR | NHEJ | [180] |
| N. attenuata | AOC | NHEJ | [123, 159] |
| N. benthamiana | PDS3 | NHEJ, HDR | [96] |
| N. benthamiana | PDS | NHEJ | [181–183] |
| N. benthamiana | PCNA, PDS | NHEJ | [60] |
| N. benthamiana | FLS2, BAK1 | NHEJ | [81] |
| N. benthamiana | PDS, blspH | NHEJ | [184] |
| N. benthamiana | XT1, XT2 | NHEJ | [185] |
| N. benthamiana | EDS1a, PAD4 | NHEJ | [161] |
| N. tabacum | GFP (transgene) | NHEJ | [153] |
| N. tabacum | PDS, PDR6 | NHEJ | [186] |
| N. tabacum | mCherry (transgene) | NHEJ | [187] |
| Petunia | PDS | NHEJ | [188] |
| Petunia | NR | NHEJ | [189] |
| Populus | 4CL1, 4CL2, 4CL5 | NHEJ | [64] |
| Populus | PDS | NHEJ | [190, 191] |
| Potato | IAA2 | NHEJ | [192] |
| Potato | ALS | NHEJ | [142, 193] |
| Potato | GBSS | NHEJ | [194] |
| Potato | MYB44 | NHEJ | [195] |
| Rice | PDS, BADH2, MPK2, 02g23823 | NHEJ | [65, 83] |
| Rice | MPK5 | NHEJ | [196] |
| Rice | ROC5, SPP, YSA | NHEJ | [149, 197] |
| Rice | MYB1 | NHEJ | [151, 197] |
| Rice | DERF1, EPSPS, MSH1, PDS, PMS3 | NHEJ | [197] |
| Rice | SWEET11 | NHEJ | [198] |
| Rice | SWEET11, SWEET14 | NHEJ | [153] |
| Rice | CAO1, LAZY1 | NHEJ | [199] |
| Rice | BEL | NHEJ | [200] |
| Rice | SWEET11, SWEET13, SWEET1a, SWEET1b, CPS4, CYP99A2, CYP76M5, CYP76M6, KO1, KOL5 | NHEJ | [76] |
| Rice | CDKA2, CDKB1, CDKB2 | NHEJ | [201] |
| Rice | MPK1, MPK2, MPK5, MPK6, PDS | NHEJ | [202] |
| Rice | ALS | HDR | [97, 98] |
| Rice | GSTU, MRP15, ANP, WAXY, 7 FTL genes, and 21 other genes | NHEJ | [80] |
| Rice | AOX1a, AOX1b, AOX1c, BEL | NHEJ | [203] |
| Rice | DsRed (transgene), YSA, PDS, DL | NHEJ | [204, 205] |
| Rice | P450, DWD1 | NHEJ | [123] |
| Rice | RAV2 | NHEJ | [78] |
| Rice | DMC1A, DMC1B | NHEJ | [87] |
| Rice | NAL1, LPA1, LG1, GL1-1 | NHEJ | [206] |
| Rice | DEP1, ROC5 | NHEJ | [207] |
| Rice | Gn1a, DEP1, GS3, IPA1 | NHEJ | [53] |
| Rice | ERF922 | NHEJ | [56] |
| Rice | OST2 | NHEJ | [208] |
| Rice | CSA | NHEJ | [54] |
| Rice | RUPO | NHEJ | [209] |
| Rice | EPSPS | NHEJ, HDR | [210] |
| Rice | TMS5 | NHEJ | [55] |
| Rice | PMR | NHEJ | [211] |
| Rice | MEGs, PEGs | NHEJ | [212] |
| Rice | Hd2, Hd4, Hd5 | NHEJ | [213] |
| Rice | SBEI, SBEIIB | NHEJ | [214] |
| Rice | ACT, GST | HDR | [99] |
| Rice | RBOHH | NHEJ | [215] |
| Rice | EPFL9 | NHEJ | [116] |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | CPS1 | NHEJ | [216] |
| Sorghum | DsRED2 (transgene) | NHEJ | [153] |
| Soybean | GFP (transgene), 07g14530, 01g38150, 11g07220, miR1514, miR1509 | NHEJ | [217] |
| Soybean | 06g14180, 08g02290, 09g00490, 12g37050 | NHEJ | [218] |
| Soybean | PDS11, PDS18 | NHEJ | [147] |
| Soybean | DD20, DD43, ALS | NHEJ, HDR | [219] |
| Soybean | FEI1, FEI2, SHR, bar (transgene) | NHEJ | [220] |
| Soybean | Rj4 | NHEJ | [72] |
| Sweet orange | PDS | NHEJ | [221] |
| Sweet orange | LOB1 | NHEJ | [222] |
| Tomato | SHR, GFP (transgene) | NHEJ | [223] |
| Tomato | AGO, 08g041770, 07g021170, 12g044760 | NHEJ | [224] |
| Tomato | RIN | NHEJ | [225] |
| Tomato | PDS, PIF4 | NHEJ | [226] |
| Tomato | SIAGL6 | NHEJ | [227] |
| Tomato | SP5G | NHEJ | [228] |
| Tomato | SIBOP | NHEJ | [229] |
| Tomato | SIIAA9 | NHEJ | [230] |
| Tomato | MLO | NHEJ | [231] |
| Wheat (common) | MLO | NHEJ | [7, 65] |
| Wheat (common) | INOX | NHEJ | [183] |
| Wheat (common) | GASR7, GW2, DEP1, NAC2, PIN1, LOX2, | NHEJ | [66] |
| Wheat (common) | Ubi, MLO | HDR | [100] |
| Wheat (Durum) | GASR7 | NHEJ | [66] |