Table 6.
Active ingredients of chronic hazard potential
| Active ingredienta | Toxic hazardb | ADIc | Annual use (tonnes) | Proportional used | Chronic hazard potentiale | Contribution to total CHP %f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fungicides | ||||||
| Benomyl | M1B, R1B | 0.1j | 155.3 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.015 |
| Carbendazim | M1B, R1B | 0.02 | 170.4 | 2.4 | 8.5 | 0.080 |
| Chlorothalonil | C2 | 0.015 | 165.5 | 2.3 | 11.0 | 0.10 |
| Iprodione | C2 | 0.06 | 110.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0.017 |
| Mancozeb | R2 | 0.05 | 790.0 | 11.2 | 15.8 | 0.15 |
| Tebuconazole | R2 | 0.03 | 43.3 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.014 |
| Thiophanate-methyl | M2 | 0.08 | 112.3 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.013 |
| Tridemorph | R1B | 0.016j | 32.0 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 0.019 |
| Insecticides/acaricides | ||||||
| Abamectin | R2 | 0.0025 | 178.4 | 0.3 | 7.1 | 0.067 |
| Azocyclotin | ADI | 0.003 | 10.9 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 0.034 |
| Chlorpyrifos | ADI | 0.001 | 1134.3 | 16.0 | 1130 | 10.7 |
| Diazinon | ADI | 0.0002 | 1507.6 | 21.2 | 7540 | 70.7 |
| Dichlorvos | ADI | 0.00008 | 62.9 | 0.9 | 786 | 7.4 |
| Dimethoate | ADI | 0.001 | 166.2 | 2.4 | 166 | 1.6 |
| Ethion | ADI | 0.002 | 204.9 | 2.9 | 102 | 1.0 |
| Fipronil | ADI | 0.0002 | 0.8 | 0.01 | 4.2 | 0.039 |
| Oxydemeton-methyl | ADI | 0.0003 | 220.8 | 0.3 | 73.6 | 0.7 |
| Propargite | C2 | 0.01h | 183.5 | 2.6 | 18.4 | 0.17 |
| Herbicides | ||||||
| Acetochlor | ADI | 0.0036 | 568.5 | 0.8 | 15.8 | 0.15 |
| Clodinafob propargil | ADI | 0.003 | 66.4 | 0.9 | 22.1 | 0.21 |
| Diclofop-methyl | ADI | 0.001 | 4.2 | 0.1 | 4.2 | 0.039 |
| Haloxyfop r methyl | ADI | 0.00065 | 439.0 | 0.6 | 67.5 | 0.6 |
| Linuron | R1B, C2 | 0.003 | 13.7 | 0.2 | 4.6 | 0.043 |
| Oxadiazon | ADI | 0.0036 | 13.0 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 0.034 |
| Oxyfluorfen | ADI | 0.003 | 196.5 | 0.3 | 6.6 | 0.061 |
| Paraquat | ADI | 0.004 | 1179.6 | 16.7 | 295 | 2.8 |
| Trifluralin | C2 | 0.015 | 314.7 | 4.4 | 21.0 | 0.20 |
| Nematicide | ||||||
| Metam sodium | ADI | 0.001 | 341.6 | 4.8 | 342 | 3.2 |
a AI insecticide and or acaricide, N nematicide, H herbicide, F fungicide
bToxic Hazard: ADI = ADI < 0.005 mg/kg body weight; C2 = Carcinogenicity class 2 (EU); M1B = Mutagenicity class 1B (EU); R1B = Reproduction toxicity class 1B (EU); R2 = Reproduction toxicity class 2 (EU), M2 = Mutagenicity class 2 (EU)
cAcceptable daily intake from EFSA [6], if not otherwise stated
dProportion of total use of potentially hazardous (long-term) products (CMR products, products with an ADI < 0.005)
eAverage (annual use/ADI) ×10-12
fProportion of total CHP due to potentially hazardous (long-term) products (CMR products, products with an ADI < 0.005) in per cent
j ADI from Pesticide Safety Directorate, UK [16]
hADI from JMPR [17]
Included are pesticides used in Iran, which the EFSA has classified as CMR hazards or for which the ADI has been set at ≤ 0.005 mg/kg body weight and which contribute more than 0.01% to the total chronic hazard potential of pesticides used in Iran