Table 4.
Characteristics of included trials reporting quality of life of HIV infected people receiving ART
| Author, year, location | Study design & setting | Study duration in months | Intervention group | Control group | Intervention facilitator | Group size for intervention | Time per session and total session | Intervention period (wks) | Follow up month | Age mean (SD) | Male | Female | TG | Outcome and tools |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berger et al, 2008 [24], Switzerland | RCT, multicenter, clinic | 9 | Cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSB) | Standard care | 1. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapist 2. Postgraduate psychotherapy trainee | 4 to 10 | 2 h, 12 session | 12 | 1,6,12 | 44.1 (10.1) | 89 | 15 | QoL: MOS-HIV, Anxiety: HADS-A, Depression: HADS-D, CD4, HIV1-RNA, adherence to ART | |
| Blank et al, 2014 [25], USA | Longitudinal randomized trial, community | 54 | Preventing AIDS through Health for HIV positive persons (PATH+), Psycho-education along with pillboxex and beeping watches | Standard care | Advanced practice nurse | 12 to 20/visit | 1visit/week | 48 | 3, 6, 12, 24 | 43.0 (7.25) | 128 | 110 | QoL: SF-12, Viral load, CD4 | |
| Bormann et al, 2006 [26], USA | RCT, mixed repeated measure, clinic | 12 | Mantram intervention | Attention group | Psychiatric mental health nurse | 8 to 15 | 1.5 h, 6 session, with phone call 4 time | 10 | 1.1, 2.2, 5.2 | 42.9 (6.84) | 75 | 18 | Qol: Q-LES-Q, Anxiety: STAI, Depression: CES-D, Distress: HIV- IES, Stress: PSS, Anger: STAI-SF, Spiritual well being: FACIT-SpEx | |
| Brown et al, 2014 [27], USA | RCT, clinic (secondary analysis) | System CHANGETM-HIV intervention, self-management, spiritual and optimism | Standard care and symptom management materials | Trained female interventionist | 8 to 10 | 1 h, 10 session | 10 | 2.2 | 48.4 (6.9) | 25 | 18 | Spirituality: SWBS, Optimism: LOTR | ||
| Cade et al, 2010 [28], USA | RCT, prospective, clinic | Yoga intervention | Standard care | Certified yoga instructor | Individual and group | 1 h, 40–60 session | 20 | 5 | 45.0 (7.9) | 10 | 50 | QoL: MOS-SF-36, Nutritant intake | ||
| Chhatre et al, 2013 [29], USA | RCT, single blinded; community | 6 | Transcendental meditation ™ | Healthy eating (HE) education | Certified instructor | Individual and group | 2 h, 32 session & 20 min twice a day | 24 | 6 | 49.9 (5.8) | 18 | 4 | QoL: MOS-SF-36, Depression: CESD, Stress: PSS, HIV-QoL: FAHI, Quality of well being: QWB-SA, Hormonal outcome | |
| Duncan et al, 2012 [30], USA | Randomized, wait-list controlled trial; clinic | 6 | Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) | Standard care (WLC) | Experienced MBSR teacher | Individual and group | 2.5–3 h, 8 session & 1 h home practice | 8 | 3, 6 | 48.0 (7.9) | 64 | 12 | Depression: BDI, Stress: PSS, Positive & negative affects schedule, Mindfulness: FFMQ, ART adherence, Side effect checklist | |
| Eller et al, 2013 [31], South Africa, Puerto Rico, USA | Multisite RCT, clinic & community | 13 | HIV/AIDS symptom management manual self-care symptom management strategies | Nutritional care and support for PLHIV | Research nurse | Individual | 30 min., 1 session | 2 | 43.1 (9.6) | 126 | 93 | 3 | Depressive symptom: CES-D | |
| Fillipas et al, 2006 [32], Australia | RCT, single blinded; clinic and community | 27 | Supervised aerobic and resistance exercise program | Unsupervised walking program and attended a monthly group forum | Physiotherapist | 8 to 10 | 1 h, 48 session | 24 | 6 | 43.5 (8.8) | 40 | QoL: MOS-HIV health survery-35, Self-efficacy: GSES, CD4, Viral load, cardiovascular fitness | ||
| Galantino et al, 2005 [33], USA | RCT, clinic | 12 | Tai Chi (TC) and aerobic exercise (EX) | Standard care | Licensed physical therapist and aerobic instructor | 13 | 1 h, 16 session | 8 | 2 | 51 | QoL: MOS-HIV, Spiritual well being or psychological change: POMS | |||
| Gayner et al, 2012 [34], Canada | RCT, clinic | 36 | Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) | Standard care | Psychiatrist | Individual and group (14 to 18) | 3 h, 8 session, 1 h homework/day | 8 | 2, 6 | 43.8 (7.0) | 117 (Gay men) | Anxiety: HADS, Depression: HADS, Positive & negative affect schedule, mindfullness scale: TMS, Impact of event scale, Distress: IES | ||
| Goujard et al, 2003 [35], France | RCT, multicenter, clinic | 24 | Education | Standard care | Physician and nurse | Individual | 1 h, 3 session | 48 | 6, 12, 18 | 40.5 | 261 | 65 | QoL: HIV-46, Adherence to ART: PMAQ7, CD4 | |
| Jones et al, 2007 [36], USA | 2X2 factorial design; clinic & community | Cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM+) and healthier lifestyle | Group and individual (Factorial groups) | Therapist | Individual and group | 2.5 h, 6 session | 12 | 3, 6 | 41.0 (8.0) | 177 | Coping with stress: COPE, adherence to ART: ACTG | |||
| Lechner et al, 2003 [37], USA | clinic & community | Group based Cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM+) and expressive supportive therapy | Individual psychoeducational condition | Psychologist | 10 | 2 h, 10 session | 10 | 3 | 39.7 (7.1) | 330 | QoL: MOS-HIV-30 | |||
| Li et al, 2010 [38], Thailand | RCT, clinic | 24 | Behavioral intervention | Standard care | Group | 13 session | 13 | 6, 12 | 37.4 (6.6) | 167 | 340 | QoL: MOS-HIV, Depression, Disclosure, Internalized shame, Social support, Family functioning | ||
| Maharaj et al, 2011 [39], South Africa | Randomized controlled prospective longitudinal, clinic | 24 | Rehabilitation exercise | Heat therapy & reading magazine | 1 h, 12 session | 12 | 3 | 33.6 (9.6) | 34 | 18 | QoL: MOS-SF-36 | |||
| McCain et al, 2003 [40], USA | RCT, community | Cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) and social support group (SSG) | Wait list | Mental health nurse | 6 to 10 | 1.5 h, 8 session | 8 | 2, 6 | 39.4 | 119 | 29 | QoL: FACT-G, Psychological distress: IES, Perceived stress: DIS, Coping patterns: DIS, Social support: SPS, viral load, CD | ||
| Miles et al, 2003 [41], USA | Intervention, clinic | 36 | HIV self care symptom management | Standard care | Registered nurse | Individual | 6 visit | 12 | 1, 6 | 37.0 (8.4) | 109 | Qol: MOS-HIV-35, Depression: CESD, Profile mood states: POMS, Stigma: Demi, HIV worry | ||
| Molassiotis et al, 2002 [42], China | Intervention, clinic | Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and peer support counseling (PSC) | Standard care | Qualified nurse experienced in counseling | 3 to 6 | 2 h, 12 session | 12 | 3, 6 | 39.1 (10.8) | 32 | 3 | QoL: WHOQOLBRF, Depression, Anger, Uncertainty in illness: MUIS, POMS | ||
| Mutimura et al, 2008 [43], Rwanda | RCT, clinic | 12 | Body fat redistribution (BFR) and exercise training (EXS) | BFR but noexercise training (nEXS) | 1.5 h, 72 session | 24 | 6 | 37.7 (6.2) | 40 | 60 | QoL: WHOQOL-HIV, BMI | |||
| Ogalha et al, 2011 [44], Brazil | RCT, clinic | 6 | Physical activities (aerobic, resisted and stretching) and counseling | Counseling | Nutrition specialist | 11 | 1 h, 72 session | 24 | 6 | 43.0 (9.4) | 34 | 29 | QoL: MOS-SF-36, BMI, CD4, Nutritional status | |
| Proeschold-Bell et al, 2010 [45], USA | RCT, clinic | 24 | Health information exchange | Standard care | 98 | 12, 24 | 42.4 (7.7) | 145 | 109 | QoL: MOS-SF-36, viral load, CD4, adherence to ART | ||||
| Ruiz et al, 2010 [46], Spain | Randomized, concurrent, follow up study, clinic | 12 | Treated by health professional (physician or pharmacist with extensive knowledge) | Treated by peer | Trained therapist | 1 h, 4 visit | 24 | 2, 4, 6 | 41.16 (8.16) | 176 | 64 | QoL: MOS-HIV-35, Adherence to ART: SMAQ, Psychological distress: GHQ-12, Social support: Duke-UNC-11, Viral load | ||
| Sikkema et al, 2005 [47], USA | Community | 22 | Cognitive behavioral bereavement coping group intervention | Individual psychotherapy upon request | Clinical psychologist, Clinical social workers, Nurse | 6 to 8 | 1.5 h, 12 session | 12 | 3 | 40.3 (7.0) | 150 | 85 | QoL: FACT-G (FAHI), Physical health status | |
| Tam et al, 2012 [48], Vietnam | RCT, cluster; clinic | 13 | Peer support and standard care | Standard care | Trained HIV infected people | Individual | 56 visit | 48 | 12 | 155 | 73 | QoL: WHOQOL-HIVBREF | ||
| Wang et al, 2010 [49], China | RCT; clinic | 8 | Nursing intervention (home visit and telephone calls) | Standard care | Nurse | Individual | 4 session | 32 | 8 | 36.7 (5.6) | 97 | 19 | QoL: WHOQOLBREF, Depression: SDS, Adherence to ART: CPCRA | |
| Webel, 2010 [50], USA | RCT, clinic & community | 12 | Pee based symptom management and positive self-management program | HIV symptom management strategies | Trained peer leader | 10 | 2 h, 7 session | 7 | 3 | 47.0 (8.6) | 74 | 14 | QoL: HIV/AIDS TQoL, Adherence to ART: ACTG, Symptom intensity | |
| Wu et al, 2006 [51], USA | RCT, clinic | 24 | Disease management assistance system (DMAS) and education | Adherence counseling | Individual | 30 min., 6 session, daily reminder | 24 | 6 | 38.5 (6.9) | 36 | 26 | QoL: MOS-HIV, Depression: CESD, activity of daily living: IADLs, Role functioning: SF-36, Adherence: eDEM, CD4, Viral load |
QoL quality of life, TG transgender