Table 2.

Comparison of falciparum and non-falciparum malaria in asymptomatic and symptomatic participants, using the current gold standard in Ghana, microscopy

	Falciparum, n (%)		Non-falciparum, n (%)
	Symptomatic	Asymptomatic	Symptomatic	Asymptomatic
	Day 1		Day 1
Plasmodium spp.	84 (90.3)	40 (81.6)	P. malariae, 9 (9.7)	9 (18.4)
			P. ovale curtisi, 0 (0)	0 (0)
			P. ovale wallikeri, 0 (0)	0 (0)
			P. vivax, 0 (0)	0 (0)
Species dominance	124 (87.3)		18 (12.7)
	Day 8		Day 8
Plasmodium spp.	3 (3.2)		P. malariae, 7 (7.5)

	Falciparum infection		Non-falciparum infection
	Symptomatic	Asymptomatic	Symptomatic	Asymptomatic
Sex
M	10 (11.9)	21 (52.5)	9 (100)	3 (33.3)
F	74 (88.1)	19 (47.5)	0 (0)	6 (66.7)
Age group ( years)
≤5	3 (3.6)	7 (17.5)	0 (0)	1 (11.1)
6–10	4 (4.8)	9 (22.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)
11–18	17 (20.2)	10 (25)	4 (44.4)	4 (44.4)
19–30	37 (44.0)	6 (15)	5 (55.6)	0 (0)
31–60	20 (23.8)	5 (12.5)	0 (0)	1 (11.1)
Over 60	3 (3.6)	3 (7.5)	0 (0)	3 (33.3)
Sickling status
Hb AA	64 (76.2)	22 (55)	5 (55.6)	6 (66.7)
Hb AS	9 (10.7)	12 (30)	2 (22.2)	0 (0)
Hb AC	10 (11.9)	6 (15)	2 (22.2)	3 (33.3)
Hb SS	1 (1.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Hb SC	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Recent anti-malarial intake
<3 months ago	5 (6)	3 (7.5)	1 (11.1)	3 (33.3)
3–6 months ago	11 (13.1)	7 (17.5)	2 (22.2)	2 (22.2)
None	68 (26.9)	30 (75)	6 (66.7)	4 (44.5)
HIV
HIV 1	13 (15.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
HIV 2	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
HIV 1 & 2	2 (2.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Negative	69 (82.1)	40 (100)	9 (100)	9 (100)
Diabetes
Positive	3 (23.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Negative	81 (76.9)	40 (100)	9 (100)	9 (100)
Pregnancy
Positive	17 (20.2)	0 (0)	4 (44.4)	0 (0)
Negative	67 (79.8)	40 (100)	5 (65.6)	9 (100)