Table 4.
Comparison of nutrient intakes between RTEC and non-RTEC consumers (n = 1819).
| Nutrient | RTEC consumers (n = 331) |
Non-RTEC consumers (n = 1488) |
p-value†,a | p-value†,b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast intake (Mean±SD) |
Daily intake (Mean±SD) |
Breakfast intake as a % of daily intake (%) |
Breakfast intake (Mean±SD) |
Daily intake (Mean±SD) |
Breakfast intake as a % of daily intake (%) |
|||
| Energy, kcal | 441 ± 186 | 1816 ± 314 | 24.5 | 466 ± 197 | 1794 ± 312 | 26.3 | 0.502 | 0.063 |
| Protein, g | 14.9 ± 7.9 | 81.1 ± 26.1 | 19.3 | 15.7 ± 8.2 | 79.8 ± 23.8 | 20.8 | 0.696 | 0.746 |
| % Energy from protein | 13.5 ± 3.8 | 17.9 ± 4.7 | 13.4 ± 4.1 | 17.8 ± 4.3 | 0.916 | 0.768 | ||
| Carbohydrate, g | 61.8 ± 23.2 | 228.0 ± 49.1 | 27.6 | 62.3 ± 25.4 | 220.5 ± 47.6 | 28.8 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| % Energy from carbohydrate | 57.7 ± 10.0 | 50.3 ± 7.3 | 55.1 ± 12.0 | 49.2 ± 7.4 | <0.001 | 0.011 | ||
| Fat, g | 14.8 ± 8.1 | 68.2 ± 17.6 | 22.4 | 17.8 ± 9.5 | 68.7 ± 17.7 | 26.5 | <0.001 | 0.017 |
| % Energy from fat | 29.6 ± 8.7 | 33.7 ± 5.7 | 33.6 ± 10.6 | 34.4 ± 5.8 | <0.001 | 0.048 | ||
| Total Sugar, g‡ | 17.1 ± 15.6 | 41.7 ± 21.8 | 47.1 | 9.5 ± 8.8 | 32.5 ± 20.9 | 34.2 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 |
| Vitamin A, mg RE | 156.9 ± 161.5 | 1026.2 ± 432.6 | 16.9 | 222.7 ± 219.7 | 1011.7 ± 441.8 | 23.3 | <0.001 | 0.429 |
| Vitamin C, mg | 21.2 ± 11.5 | 72.6 ± 43.7 | 36.7 | 10.4 ± 9.1 | 54.2 ± 39.8 | 25.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Thiamin, mg | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 50.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 38.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Riboflavin, mg | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 48.0 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 34.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Niacin, mg | 6.7 ± 3.3 | 16.2 ± 4.9 | 41.9 | 4.0 ± 2.4 | 13.4 ± 4.7 | 30.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mg | 390.5 ± 305.2 | 1901.1 ± 734.5 | 21.3 | 573.7 ± 395.9 | 2037.8 ± 751.9 | 29.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Calcium, mg | 315.0 ± 159.1 | 741.9 ± 254.4 | 43.4 | 192.5 ± 109.2 | 586.2 ± 225.2 | 34.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Iron, mg | 6.4 ± 3.1 | 20.1 ± 6.6 | 33.3 | 6.2 ± 4.7 | 19.2 ± 7.3 | 32.6 | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Phosphorus, mg | 214.6 ± 156.8 | 1239.6 ± 453.5 | 18.6 | 251.6 ± 158.1 | 1240.8 ± 440.6 | 21.9 | 0.002 | 0.527 |
†Data were adjusted for region, area, age (years), ethnic group, income group, father’s education level, mother’s education level and energy intake (except for the analysis for energy) using ANCOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ‡Data were incomplete as some of the foods and beverages do not have information on the sugar content. aIntake at breakfast between RTEC consumers and other breakfast consumers. bDaily intake between RTEC consumers and other breakfast consumers.