Figure 3.

The initial adhesion of MG63 osteoblasts evaluated by counting the number of cell nuclei stained by DAPI under a fluorescence microscope after 30 and 60 minutes of incubation.

Notes: (A) The fluorescence microscope images of stained cells. (B) Mean ± SEM cell numbers were calculated (400× magnification, counts performed over an area of 1,020×800 μm²; n=3, a total of 30 fields of view for each group of the smooth [S], acid-etched microstructured [R], and hierarchical micro-/nanotextured surfaces [R10 and R20]). *P<0.05; **P<0.01.

Abbreviations: DAPI, 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride; SEM, standard error of the mean.