Table 4.
Negative or neutral effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on seed germination and plant growth.
| Plant species | Ti nanoparticle application | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allium cepa L. (Onion) | Roots treated with nanoparticle solution (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM) | Caused DNA damages | Ghosh et al., 2010 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Mouseear cress) | Seedlings were grown in medium containing nanoparticles | Caused the reorganization and elimination of microtubules | Wang et al., 2011 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Roots immersed in a 100 mg L−1 nanoparticle solution | No significant effects on seed germination and root elongation | Larue et al., 2011 |
| Brassica campestris L. (Field mustard) | Seeds soaked with nanoparticle solutions (0, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 mg L−1) | No effect on seed germination | Song et al., 2013b |
| Brassica napus L. (Oilseed rape) | Roots immersed in a 100 mg.L−1 nanoparticle solution | No significant effects on seed germination and root growth | Larue et al., 2011 |
| Daucus carota subsp. Sativus (Carrot) | Seeds soaked with nanoparticle solutions (0, 250, 500, and 1,000 μg L−1) | No effects on seed germination | Andersen et al., 2016 |
| Glycine max L. (Soybean) | Plants grown in a soil mixed with nanoparticle at 0, 100 or 200 mg kg−1 | Decreased plant growth | Burke et al., 2015 |
| Hordeum vulgare L. (Barley) | Caryopses exposed to nanoparticle solutions (0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg L−1) | No significant effects on seed germination and root elongation | Mattiello et al., 2015 |
| Hordeum vulgare L. | Nanoparticles applied in a hydroponic culture (0, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, and 1,000 mg L−1) | No significant effects on plant growth | Kořenková et al., 2017 |
| Lactuca sativa L. (Lettuce) | Seeds soaked with nanoparticle solutions (0, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 mg L−1) | No effect on seed germination | Song et al., 2013b |
| Lemna minor L. (Common duckweed) | Plant growth media treated with nanoparticle (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 1,000, and 2,000 mg L−1) | Inhibited plant growth | Song et al., 2012 |
| Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. (Duckweed) | Nanoparticles applied to plant growth media (31, 50, and 100 mg L−1) | Caused growth inhibition | Kim et al., 2011 |
| Linum usitatissimum L. (Flax) | Seeds treated with nanoparticle solutions (0.01–100 mg L−1) | High concentration inhibited seed germination, root lengths, and seedling growth | Clement et al., 2013 |
| Nicotiana tabacum L. (Tobacco) | Roots treated with nanoparticle solutions (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM) | Caused DNA damages | Ghosh et al., 2010 |
| Nicotiana tabacum L. | Seeds treated with nanoparticle solutions (0.1, 1, 2.5, and 5 %) | Decreased germination rate, root length, and seedling growth | Frazier et al., 2014 |
| Oryza sativa L. (Rice) | Seeds soaked with nanoparticle solutions (100, 500, and 1,000 mg L−1) | No significant effects on seed germination | Boonyanitipong et al., 2011 |
| Solanum esculentum L. (Tomato) | Seeds soaked with nanoparticle solutions (0, 50, 100, 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 mg L−1) | Reduced seed germination and seedling growth | Song et al., 2013a |
| Trifolium pratense var. Merula (Red clover) | Nanoparticles applied in a hydroponic solution | Decreased plant growth | Moll et al., 2016 |
| Triticum aestivum L. (Wheat) | Plants grown in a soil mixed with nanoparticle (10 g nanoparticle mixed with 110 kg soil) | Reduced plant growth | Du et al., 2011 |
| Triticum aestivum L. | Nanoparticles applied into sand medium at 100 mg L−1 | No significant effects on plant growth | Larue et al., 2011 |
| Triticum aestivum L. | Seedlings treated with a nanoparticle solution at 100 mg L−1 | Not significantly | Larue et al., 2012a |
| Ulmus elongate L.K. Fu& C.S. Ding (Long raceme elm) | Foliar application of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% nanoparticle solutions | Reduced photosynthetic rate | Gao et al., 2013 |
| Vicia narbonensis L. (Narbon vetch) | Seeds treated with nanoparticle solutions (0.02, 0.1, 0.2, and 0. 4%) | Reduced seed germination, root lengths, and seedling biomass | Ruffini Castiglione et al., 2010 |
| Zea mays L. (Maize) | Roots immersed in nanoparticle solutions at 0.3 or 1.0 g L−1 | Interfered with water transport | Asli and Neumann, 2009 |
| Zea mays L. | Seeds treated with nanoparticle solutions (0.02, 0.1, 0.2, and 0. 4%) | Reduced seed germination, root lengths, and seedling biomass | Ruffini Castiglione et al., 2010 |