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Proposed model of the molecular events in VraR-mediated gene regulation. Direct repression and activation of genes are shown by the solid bars and arrows, respectively. Based on experimental data from this study and others, we propose that vraS responds to vancomycin-elicited cell wall stress and results in transphosphorylation of VraR, which is followed by directly targeting and binding the agr promoter region to inhibit the expression of virulence factors.
