The developmental cycle of S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. Stages: A, paired adult worms (larger male enfolding slender female); B, eggs (left to right, S. haematobium, S. mansoni, and S. japonicum); C, ciliated miracidium; D, intermediate host snails (left to right, genera Oncomelania, Biomphalaria, and Bulinus); E, cercariae (infective stage).