Figure 6. Optical forces and torques on two coupled NRs induced by 1064-nm LP light leading to end-to-end coalescence.

The optical (a) forces and (b) torques on the NR of I versus gap d at λ = 1064 nm. The surface traction distributions of (c) n · T · e_x for the x-component force and (d) (e_r × T · n) · e_z for the z-component torque on two coupled NRs with ϕ = 45° and d = 40 nm induced by an x-polarized light propagating along z axis. The outcome is the end-to-end coalescence.