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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2017 Feb 6;74:108–116. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.02.004

Table 4.

Percentages of Young Adult Outcomes by Class

Total Sample Complex (29.32%) Environmental (12.19%) Lower (58.49%) X2 Between Classes
Socio-Economic Outcomes
 Homelessness 29.66 40.93 28.21 24.50 16.94 *** b
 Completed HS or GED 81.76 87.43 80.95 79.28 5.11
 Any College 39.86 43.11 46.03 37.29 37.00
 Economic Insecurity (any) 72.01 74.51 65.12 72.21 2.67
  Food Stamps 69.76 73.04 60.47 70.07 4.58
  Public Housing 19.42 20.81 15.19 19.56 1.15
  State Cash Assistance 16.06 14.21 11.39 17.85 2.75
Psychosocial Problems
 Depressive Symptoms 65.11 76.50 66.67 58.79 16.63 *** b
 PTSD Symptoms 56.17 73.14 68.12 44.71 42.13 *** b,c
 Mental Health Treatment 30.66 41.18 25.58 26.60 14.91 ** a,b
 Drug Abuse Symptoms 42.96 56.29 52.94 34.05 25.43 *** b,c
 Alcohol Abuse Symptoms 46.29 53.57 67.14 37.78 25.01 *** b,c
 Substance Abuse Treatment 13.08 15.69 13.95 11.64 2.05
Criminal Behaviors
 Sold Drugs 57.97 65.69 68.60 52.03 15.05 ** b,c
 Trade Sex For Money 16.45 20.10 25.58 12.77 11.28 ** b,c
 Economic Criminal Behavior 56.84 66.18 72.09 49.16 25.47 *** b,c
 Property Crimes 71.79 78.92 79.07 66.83 12.47 ** b
 Violent Criminal Behavior 66.43 69.61 73.26 63.48 4.35
 Gang Membership 40.00 47.24 53.70 34.54 10.78 ** b,c
 Arrested 69.53 71.96 78.65 66.04 6.50 * c
 Convicted of a Crime 53.29 59.81 64.04 47.78 13.01 ** b,c
*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001

a = statistically significant difference between Complex & Environmental classes

b = statistically significant difference between Complex & Lower classes

c = statistically significant difference between Environmental & Lower classes