TABLE 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Participants and Study Outcomes for Usual Care and Intervention Services, Pre- and Postintervention
| Participant Characteristics | Usual Care Admissionsa | Intervention Admissionsb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre (n = 70) | Post (n = 76) | Pre (n = 74) | Post (n = 78) | |
| Child | ||||
| Female child, % (n) | 46 (32) | 57.9 (44) | 50 (37) | 44 (34) |
| Child age, mean (SD), y | 6.0 (5.7) | 5.7 (5.3) | 5.6 (5.6) | 5.0 (5.2) |
| Child health status, % (n) | ||||
| Good to excellent | 86 (60) | 87 (66) | 85 (63) | 87 (68) |
| Parent | ||||
| Mother, % (n) | 81 (57) | 83 (63) | 88 (65) | 82 (64) |
| White, non-Hispanic, % (n) | 84 (59) | 89 (68) | 84 (62) | 91 (71) |
| Parent education, % (n) | ||||
| High school or less | 21 (15) | 8 (6) | 15 (11) | 26 (20) |
| Some college | 31 (22) | 38 (29) | 39 (29) | 27 (21) |
| Bachelor's degree or more | 46 (32) | 54 (41) | 46 (34) | 47 (37) |
| Parent age, mean (SD), y | 35.0 (7.6) | 35.4 (6.7) | 34.6 (7.9) | 33.9 (6.9) |
| Length of stay, % (n) | ||||
| 1 d | 46 (32) | 43 (33) | 34 (25) | 40 (31) |
| 2–3 d | 31 (22) | 33 (25) | 45 (33) | 38 (30) |
| 4–7 d | 4 (3) | 16 (12) | 18 (13) | 14 (11) |
| >1 wk | 19 (13) | 8 (6) | 4 (3) | 8 (6) |
| FCR length, mean (SD), min | 10.2 (4.6) | 10.4 (3.4) | 9.9 (3.6) | 11.2 (4.6) |
| Checklist elements | ||||
| Total checklist elements performed, mean (SD) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.3 (1.0) | 5.9 (1.2) |
| Nurse present, mean % (SD)c | 86 (29.8) | 88 (27.7) | 88 (23.8) | 88 (26.5) |
| Introductions made, mean % (SD) | 29 (41.6) | 39 (41.1) | 21 (34.1) | 47 (42.9) |
| Assessment provided, mean % (SD) | 58 (42.5) | 64 (40.5) | 48 (40.9) | 69 (41.9) |
| Plan summarized, mean % (SD) | 97 (11.5) | 100 (2.8) | 96 (18.2) | 98 (8.6) |
| Family was asked for questions, mean % (SD) | 71 (37.2) | 73 (36.2) | 67 (37.9) | 88 (26.1) |
| Health care team was asked for questions, mean % (SD) | 24 (35.2) | 28 (35.4) | 23 (33.8) | 59 (41.3) |
| Discharge goals discussed, mean % (SD) | 82 (26.9) | 85 (24.8) | 76 (33.8) | 83 (31.1) |
| Orders were read back, mean % (SD) | 9 (20.9) | 17 (29.7) | 7 (20.1) | 52 (42.8) |
| Family engagementd | ||||
| Relationship building, mean (SD) | 43.7 (31.1) | 42.6 (18.7) | 36.0 (22.5) | 41.6 (24.1) |
| Information giving, mean (SD) | 32.1 (34.4) | 23.4 (19.2) | 33.1 (28.8) | 28.3 (23.6) |
| Information gathering, mean (SD) | 3.3 (3.3) | 3.0 (2.5) | 3.1 (3.2) | 3.3 (3.6) |
| Decision-making, mean (SD) | 3.2 (3.0) | 4.0 (3.2) | 2.9 (2.2) | 4.4 (4.2) |
| Parent perceptions of safety climatee | ||||
| Overall safety, mean (SD) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.2 (0.8) | 4.1 (0.7) |
| Staff communication openness, mean (SD) | 3.9 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.7) | 4.0 (0.6) | 4.0 (0.8) |
| Family communication openness, mean (SD) | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.6 (0.6) |
| Handoffs and transitions, mean (SD) | 3.9 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.9) | 4.0 (0.9) | 4.0 (1.0) |
Values may not add to 100% due to rounding.
Includes admissions to general pediatrics 1 (hospitalist) and pulmonary services.
Includes admissions to general pediatrics 2 (hospitalist) and hematology/oncology services.
For each checklist element, the mean and SD of the average percent of rounds during which the element was performed during a patient’s stay.
Mean and SD of the number of utterances or decision-making events that families engaged in during FCRs.
Mean and SD of parents’ safety climate domain scores, in which all of the domains’ elements were rated on a 5-point scale (1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree) with higher scores indicating more favorable perceptions.