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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2017 Feb 14;43:95–101. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.02.008

Table 3.

Mean (SD) peak kinetic values and GRF

Vacuum Level 0 in Hg 5 in Hg 10 in Hg 15 in Hg 20 in Hg Control
Intact Residual Intact Residual Intact Residual Intact Residual Intact Residual
External HAM (Nm/kg) * 0.846
(0.04)		 0.546
(0.17)		 0.849
(0.04)		 0.585
(0.17)		 0.844
(0.05)		 0.554
(0.18)		 0.852
(0.06)		 0.574
(0.17)		 0.863
(0.05)		 0.592
(0.17)		 0.698
(0.16)
External KAM (Nm/kg)†† 0.526
(0.20)		 0.340
(0.16)		 0.535
(0.21)		 0.386
(0.19)		 0.524
(0.20)		 0.359
(0.18)		 0.538
(0.19)		 0.374
(0.19)		 0.553
(0.20)		 0.396
(0.20)		 0.581
(0.18)
First vertical GRF (%BW) 1.14
(0.09)		 1.05
(0.06)		 1.12
(0.08)		 1.06
(0.08)		 1.13
(0.07)		 1.05
(0.06)		 1.12
(0.08)		 1.04
(0.07)		 1.13
(0.07)		 1.06
(0.08)		 1.08
(0.09)
Second Vertical GRF (%BW) * 1.13
(0.09)		 0.98
(0.06)† 		1.13
(0.09)		 0.99
(0.07)† 		1.13
(0.08)		 0.99
(0.07)† 		1.13
(0.08)		 0.99
(0.07)† 		1.14
(0.08)		 0.99
(0.07)† 		1.08
(0.08)
Posterior braking GRF (%BW) 0.194
(0.03)		 0.148
(0.02)		 0.184
(0.02)		 0.157
(0.02)		 0.185
(0.02)		 0.158
(0.03)		 0.178
(0.03)		 0.162
(0.03)		 0.176
(0.02)		 0.163
(0.03)		 0.192
(0.03)
Anterior propulsion GRF (%BW) * 0.224
(0.03)		 0.137
(0.02)† 		0.220
(0.03)		 0.140
(0.02)† 		0.218
(0.03)		 0.142
(0.02)† 		0.214
(0.03)		 0.142
(0.02)† 		0.215
(0.03)		 0.144
(0.02)† 		0.204
(0.03)
*

Significant limb effect in amputee group (P < 0.05)

††

Significant vacuum level effect in amputee group (P < 0.05)

†

Significant difference between the residual limb and controls (P < 0.05)