Table 3.
Number and percentage of individuals with deficits based on various definitions for children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (AE) and controls (CON).
| AE | CON | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Criteria | Word Reading | Spelling | Numerical Operations | Math Reasoning | Math Composite | Word Reading | Spelling | Numerical Operations | Math Reasoning | Math Composite |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| < 1SD (SS<85) | 16 (24.2)** | 21 (31.3)** | 24 (35.8)*** | 31 (46.3)*** | 28 (43.1)*** | 4 (6.6) | 5 (19.2) | 3 (4.9) | 2 (3.4) | 4 (6.7) |
|
| ||||||||||
| < 1.5 SDs (SS<77.5) | 9 (13.6) | 11 (16.4)* | 22 (32.8)*** | 22 (32.8)*** | 19 (29.2)*** | 3 (4.9) | 3 (5.1) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.3) |
|
| ||||||||||
| < 2 SDs (SS<70)1 | 4 (6.1) | 6 (9.0)* | 11 (16.4)** | 13 (19.4)*** | 10 (15.4)** | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
|
| ||||||||||
| WIAT-II “Low Average” (SS=80–89) | 8 (12.1) | 11 (16.4) | 6 (9.0) | 13 (19.4)* | 16 (24.6)** | 5 (8.2) | 4 (6.8) | 6 (9.8) | 3 (5.1) | 4 (6.7) |
|
| ||||||||||
| WIAT-II “Borderline” (SS=70–79) | 9 (13.6)* | 8 (11.9) | 12 (17.9)** | 12 (17.9)** | 12 (18.5)** | 2 (3.3) | 3 (5.1) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.3) |
1
Also referred to as: “Extremely Low” for WIAT-II. Bold font indicates significant difference for AE < CON based on chi2 test.
Significant at *p< .05, **p< .01, ***p<.001. Respective outliers were removed by individual academic subtest, see text for details.