Table 1.
Baseline characteristics1
| Patient | ICU | M / F |
Age (y) |
Weight (kg) / z-score WFA |
Diagnosis | Admission day (AD); Post- operative day (POD) of last operation |
Mech- anical venti- lation |
Medication (Y/N)* | Start time tracers |
Nutrition mode |
Protein intake (g/kg/ d) |
Energy intake (kcal/ kg/d) |
Time on current nutrition rate (h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CV | M | 0.45 | 4.61 / <-2.0 |
Complex heart disease. | AD: 164 POD (cardiac surgery): 7 |
Y | Continuous sedation: Y Muscle relaxants: N Inotropics: Y Corticosteroids: Y Antieplileptics: Y Diuretics: Y Insulin: N Antibiotics: N |
9:25 | EN via TPT |
2.1 | 100 | 22 |
| S/P 3× aorta arch recon- struction and Damus-Kaye- Stansel procedure. | |||||||||||||
| S/P Aorta-pulmonary window repair. | |||||||||||||
| 2 | P | F | 0.15 | 3.70 / −1.5 |
Tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve syndrome. |
AD: 53 POD (cardiac surgery): 54 |
Y | Continuous sedation: Y Muscle relaxants: N Inotropics: Y Corticosteroids: N Antieplileptics: Y Diuretics: Y Insulin: N Antibiotics: N |
11:32 | EN via TPT |
3.7 | 118 | 35 |
| S/P Tetralogy of Fallot repair. | |||||||||||||
| Prolonged ICU care. | |||||||||||||
| 3 | CV | M | 0.29 | 5.57 / −1.0 |
HLHS | AD: 105 POD (cardiac surgery): 8 |
N | Continuous sedation: N Muscle relaxants: N Inotropics: Y Corticosteroids: N Antieplileptics: N Diuretics: Y Insulin: N Antibiotics: N |
9:53 | EN via jejunal tube |
2.7 | 144 | 23 |
| S/P Norwood procedure with Sano shunt. | |||||||||||||
| S/P Glenn procedure | |||||||||||||
| 4 | CV | M | 0.05 | 3.45 / −0.5 |
HLHS with mitralis valve stenosis, aorta valve stenosis and coarctation. |
AD: 20 POD (cardiac surgery): 14 POD (G- tube): 9 |
N | Continuous sedation: N Muscle relaxants: N Inotropics: Y Corticosteroids: N Antieplileptics: N Diuretics: Y Insulin: N Antibiotics: N |
8:53 | EN via G-tube |
2.1 | 102 | 20 |
| S/P Norwood procedure with Sano shunt. | |||||||||||||
| 5 | P | M | 9.12 | 46.4 / +2.0 |
Respiratory distress due to pneumonia. |
AD: 3 POD: N/A |
Y | Continuous sedation: Y Muscle relaxants: N Inotropics: N Corticosteroids: Y Antieplileptics: N Diuretics: N Insulin: N Antibiotics: Y |
9:57 | EN via NG-tube |
1.2 | 40 | 24 |
| 6 | P | M | 7.87 | 25.0 / 0 |
Status epilepticus with multiple organ failure. |
AD:19 POD: N/A |
Y | Continuous sedation: Y Muscle relaxants: Y Inotropics: Y Corticosteroids: Y Antieplileptics: Y Diuretics: Y Insulin: N Antibiotics: Y |
9:45 | EN via TPT |
1.3 | 50 | 61 |
| 7 | P | F | 9.89 | 28.8 / −0.5 |
Respiratory failure due to pneumonia; sepsis. |
AD: 37 POD” N/A |
Y | Continuous sedation: Y Muscle relaxants: N Inotropics: N Corticosteroids: N Antieplileptics: Y Diuretics: N Insulin: Y Antibiotics: Y |
10:55 | EN via TPT |
1.0 | 31 | 26 |
| 8 | CV | F | 0.34 | 5.20 / −1.5 |
HLHS with hypoplastic aorta, double outlet right ventricle. |
AD: 125 POD (cardiac surgery): 7 |
Y | Continuous sedation: Y Muscle relaxants: Y Inotropics: Y Corticosteroids: Y Antieplileptics: N Diuretics: Y Insulin: N Antibiotics: Y |
12:49 | EN via G-tube + PN lipids |
1.4 | 105 | 17 |
| S/P Norwoord procedure with Sano shunt. | |||||||||||||
| 4 CV / 4 P ICU |
5 M / 3 F |
0.40 (0.0 5– 9.89 ) |
5.38 (2.9– 46.4) |
1.7 (1.0– 3.7) |
100 (31– 144) |
24 (17– 61) |
|||||||
*
Inotropics included milrinone and/or digoxin, no other inotropics were administered in any of the patients; Corticosteroids refer to systemic corticosteroids alone; inhalation corticosteroids were not included in this table.
AD, admission day; CV, cardiovascular intensive care unit; EN, enteral nutrition; G-tube, gastrostomy tube; HLHS, hypoplastic left heart syndrome; NG-tube, nasogastric tube; P, pediatric intensive care unit; PN, parenteral nutrition; POD, post-operative day; S/P, status post; TPT, transpyloric tube; WFA, weight-for-age