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. 2017 Apr 26;8:236. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00236

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Copyright © 2017 Aqel, Hampton, Bruss, Jones, Valiente, Wu, Young, Willis, Ardoin, Agarwal, Bolon, Powell, Sheridan, Schlesinger, Jarjour and Young.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Social stress (SDR) and moderate exercise (DME) are associated with altered macrophage-mediated renal inflammation and levels of MCP-1. (A,B) Kidney tissue (n = 3 per experimental condition) was collected at experimental endpoint and fixed for paraffin-embedding and immunhistochemical staining for macrophage marker F 4/80. Representative images from Aperio slide scanning (left) and digital quantitation of pixel intensity corresponding to positive staining (right). (A) SDR or (B) DME. (C,D) MCP-1 expression measured by ELISA (n = 8). (C) SDR or (D) DME. Values are the mean ± SEM. ^***p < 0.001; ^****p < 0.0001 vs. control condition by T-test, ns = not significant.