Table 1.
Clinical features of included patients. Continuous variables are given as mean and standard deviation and categorical variables as number and percentage. p-Values presented in bold, italic text relate to parameters that were significant at the p < 0.05 level.
| Pneumonia (P) | All brain injury (BI) | p-Value (BI vs P) | Brain injury excluding those developing VAP (exBI) | VAP | p-Value (exBI vs VAP) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 15 | 26 | – | 19 | 7 | – |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 54.1 ± 15·6 | 55.0 ± 15.8 | 0.86 | 56.3 ± 16.4 | 51.7 ± 14·9 | 0.51 |
| Sex, number of males (%) | 11 (73.3) | 15 (57.7) | 0.50 | 11 (57.9) | 4 (57.1) | 1.00 |
| Ethnicity, number White European (%) | 10 (66.7) | 18 (69.2) | 1.00 | 12 (63.2) | 6 (85.7) | 0.37 |
| APACHIE II Score (Mean ± SD) | 19.8 ± 5.8 | 17.5 ± 5.5 | 0.21 | 17.9 ± 4.2 | 16.3 ± 8.5 | 0.64 |
| SOFA Score (Mean ± SD) | 10.5 ± 3.1 | 8·8 ± 2.7 | 0.09 | 8.5 ± 2.6 | 8.6 ± 2.6 | 0.93 |
| CPIS (Mean ± SD) | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 6.3 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
| Lowest WCC (109/L) (Mean ± SD) | 14.5 ± 7.5 | 10.6 ± 4.6 | 0.08 | 10.3 ± 4.2 | 11.2 ± 3.1 | 0.58 |
| Highest WCC (109/L) (Mean ± SD) | 15.3 ± 7.1 | 11.7 ± 4.8 | 0.09 | 11.1 ± 4.3 | 11.2 ± 3.1 | 0.96 |
| Lowest CRP (mg/L) (Mean ± SD) | 147.6 ± 108.0 | 46.9 ± 49.5 | 0.003 | 40.4 ± 36.3 | 133.2 ± 87.2 | 0.03 |
| Highest CRP (mg/L) (Mean ± SD) | 175.5 ± 92.5 | 59.6 ± 48.8 | < 0.001 | 51.4 ± 40.4 | 133.2 ± 87.2 | 0.05 |
| Lowest temperature (°C) (Mean ± SD) | 36.0 ± 0.9 | 36.0 ± 0.7 | 0.91 | 36.0 ± 0.6 | 36.1 ± 1.3 | 0.85 |
| High temperature (°C) (Mean ± SD) | 37.9 ± 1.0 | 37.3 ± 0.9 | 0.07 | 37.2 ± 1.0 | 38.2 ± 1.1 | 0.08 |
| Lowest PaO2:FiO2 (kPa) (Mean ± SD) | 24.0 ± 8.9 | 40.4 ± 14.6 | < 0.001 | 43.0 ± 12.2 | 23.4 ± 11.3 | 0.003 |
| Lowest MAP (mmHg) (Mean ± SD) | 71.6 ± 9.7 | 74.2 ± 10.8 | 0.43 | 75.7 ± 10.8 | 71.4 ± 12.5 | 0.44 |
| Use of noradrenaline, N (%) | 11 (73.3) | 16 (61.5) | 0.51 | 12 (63.2) | 3 (42.9) | 0.41 |
| Use of antibiotics N (%) | 15 (100.0) | 11 (42.3) | < 0.001 | 8 (42.1) | 7 (100.0) | 0.01 |
| Enteral nutrition, N (%) | 13 (86.7) | 19 (73.1) | 0.45 | 15 (79.0) | 7 (100.0) | 0.55 |
| Time to sampling from start of ventilation (h) (Mean ± SD) | 44.3 ± 9.2 | 41.9 ± 16.6 | 0.55 | 43.8 ± 16.9 | 138.3 ± 43.2 | < 0.001 |
| Time of day of sample, number taken in the morning (%) | 9 (60.0) | 16 (61.5) | 1.00 | 12 (63.2) | 7 (100.0) | 0.13 |