Fig. 2.

Maternal vitamin A supplementation prevents offspring obesity induced by high fat diet. MVA offspring were fed a high fat diet (HFD, 45% energy from fat) from 30 days to 155 days old. (a) Growth curve of offspring fed with HFD. (b) Representative images of mice after HFD feeding. (c) Representative images of iWAT, eWAT and BAT tissues after HFD feeding. (d) Tissue weight/body weight ratio. (e) Representative images of fat tissue sections, stained by H&E. (f) Distribution of adipocyte sizes in iWAT. (g) Distribution of adipocyte sizes in eWAT. (h) Glucose tolerance test of offspring HFD feeding. (i–m) Oxygen consumption (i and j), CO₂ production (k) and heat production (l and m) were measured in a metabolic chamber. Data presented are mean ± SEM, n = 6, unpaired two-tail t-test, *p < 0.05.