Table 3.
Authors | Study design | Gene | Method | Tissue type | Exposure/Outcome | Sample | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nesset et al. (2014) | Case-control; in vitro cell lines | NR3C1 | Methylation-specific PCR | Breast tissue | None/breast cancer | N = 59 breast cancer patients from Ontario, Canada Cases: tumor tissue samples. Controls: matched normal breast clinical tissue |
|
Lien et al. (2006) | Cross-sectional | NR3C1 | Methylation-specific PCR | Breast tissue | None/breast cancer | N = 118 GR-immunonegative carcinoma specimens (106 IDCs, 8 ILCs, 1 mucinous carcinoma, 3 DCIS) taken from human breast samples in Taipei City, Taiwan |
|
Kay et al. (2011) | Case-control (cell line and tissue); prospective | NR3C1 | Bisulfate sequencing | SCLC cell lines | Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) |
Cases: 14 Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) cell lines: Cor L24, Cor L27, Cor L31, Cor L32, Cor L42, Cor L47, Cor L51, Cor L88, Cor L99, Cor L103), DMS 79, DMS 153, HC12, and H 148 Cell line controls: human lung epithelial carcinoma cells A549, human embryonic kidney cells HEK-293, human cervical carcinoma cells HeLa, and human osteosarcoma cells U20S (European Collection of Cell Cultures, Wiltshire, UK). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lines NCI-H358 and -H727 (European Collection of Cell Cultures, Wiltshire, UK) and NCI-H23, -H441, -H1299 (American Type Culture Collection, USA) Peripheral blood controls: human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from health donors |
|
Ahlquist et al. (2008) | Case-control | 11 genes, including NR3C1 | Quantitative methylation-specific PCR | Colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal colon mucosa tissue | None/colorectal cancer |
Cases: 63 adenomas from 52 Norwegian individuals (median age: 67), and 52 carcinomas from 51 patients in 7 hospitals in Oslo, Norway (median age: 70 years) Controls: 21 normal colon mucosa samples (N1) from 20 deceased, cancer-free individuals (median age: 52.5 years), and 18 normal colon mucosa samples (N2) from 18 CRC patients in 7 hospitals in Oslo, Norway (median age: 70.5 years) |
|
Lind et al. (2006) | Cross-sectional (cell lines); case-control (tissue) | Multiple genes, including NR3C1 | Methylation-specific PCR, bisulfate sequencing | Cell lines, CRC tissue, and normal colon mucosa tissue | Colon cancer |
Cell lines: 20 colon cancer cell lines were included: 9 from microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors (Co115, HCT15, HCT116, LoVo, LS174T, RKO, SW48, TC7, and TC71); 11 from microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors (ALA, Colo320, EB, FRI, HT29, IS1, IS2, IS3, LS1034, SW480, and V9P). 10 cell lines from prostate tissue (N = 3), testicular germ cell tumors (N = 3), and ovary tissues (n = 4) were included, as well as a clinical series of prostate (N = 20) and kidney (N = 20) carcinomas from the University Hospital of Porto, and a series of testicular germ cell tumors (N = 42) from patients admitted to the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo Tissue sample cases: DNA from patients in Norwegian hospitals: 53 colorectal carcinomas (25 MSS and 28 MSI) from 52 patients (mean age 68 years), 63 adenomas (61 MSS and 2 MSI) from 52 patients (mean age 67 years) Tissue sample controls: Normal mucosa samples from 22 colorectal cancer patients (mean age 64 years) taken from distant sites from the primary carcinoma, and 22 normal colorectal mucosa samples from cancer-free individuals (mean age 54 years, including 8 individuals ≥ 60 years) |
Cell line results:
|
Wu et al. (2007) | Cross-sectional (cell line and tissue) | 13 genes, including NR3C1 | Methylation-specific PCR, bisulfate sequencing | Ovarian cancer cell lines and ovarian tumor tissue | Ovarian cancer |
Cell lines: 4 ovarian carcinoma cell lines, ES-2, OV-90, OVCAR-3, and SKOV-3 (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, USA) Tissue sample: primary ovarian carcinomas from women (n = 52; mean age: 58 years) displaying a similar distribution regarding FIGO stage and histology. Taken from a tissue bank in Oslo, Norway. Included 19 serous, 5 mucous, 5 clear cell, 17 endometrioid, and 6 of mixed histotype tumors. 2 benign and 2 borderline ovarian tumors were also included |
NR3C1 promoter was unmethylated in ovarian carcinoma tissues and in all cell lines |
Kang et al. (2008) | Case-control (cell line and tissue) | 17 genes, including NR3C1 | Quantitative methylation-specific PCR (MethyLight) | Gastric cancer cell lines and normal gastric mucosa tissue | Gastric cancer |
Cell line cases: 8 gastric cancer (GC) cell lines treated with 5-aza-deoxycytidine and or Trichostatin A Tissue sample controls: gastric carcinoma-associated non-neoplastic mucosae tissues (GCN) from 33 gastric carcinoma patients in Seoul, Korea (median age: 63 years; male to female ratio 4:1). Normal mucosa tissue from 27 chronic gastritis (CG) patients in Seoul, Korea (median age: 53 years; male to female ratio 19:10). 13 samples were H·Pylori (HP)-negative and 14 samples were HP-positive |
|
Hiraki et al. (2011) | Case-control (cell line and tissue) | Multiple genes, including NR3C1 | Quantitative methylation-specific PCR (MethyLight) | Gastric cancer cell lines and normal gastric mucosa tissue | Gastric cancer |
Cell lines: 8 gastric cancer cell lines, HSC45, HSC57, KATO III, MKN1, MKN7, MKN28, MKN45, and MKN74 Tissue samples: 20 pairs of adjacent normal gastric mucosa and primary gastric cancer samples. Peritoneal fluid (PF) from 107 patients who underwent surgery in Saga, Japan (median age: 66·5 years; 37 female, 70 male; intestinal type gastric cancer: 46; diffuse type gastric cancer: 61) |
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Sanchez-Vega and Gandhi (2009) | Cross-sectional (cell line only) | NR3C1 | 5-aza-deoxycytidine (decitabine) treatment | Myeloma cell lines | Multiple Myeloma | Myeloma cell line (MM.1) taken from peripheral blood cells of a US patient in the leukemic phase of multiple myeloma (MM) being treated with glucocorticoids (GCs). 1 GC-sensitive cell line, MM.1S, and two GC-resistant cell lines, MM.1RE (early phenotype) and MM.1RL (late phenotype) |
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Ronco et al. (2010) | Case-control (cell line only) | HSD11β2 | Bisulfate sequencing | Choriocarcinoma cell lines | Chorio-carcinoma | Cases: human choriocarcinoma cells, JEG-3 (HTB-36), from The American Type Culture Collection (ATTC, Manassas, VA) exposed to a low dose of cadmium (Cd2 +)Controls: JEG-3 cells not exposed to Cd2 + |
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